<p>Mount Tilga, a hill located near in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia, was said to be the exact centre of New South Wales.</p><br>
<p>However, establishing the centre of an irregular shape is not a straightforward matter. Just where the centre of the State lies is open to dispute. According to Geoscience Australia a possible centre for New South Wales is just off Cockies Road, 33 km west-north-west of Tottenham, a small town 110 km west of Dubbo. This spot, (32&deg;09&prime;48&Prime;S latitude, 147&deg;01&prime;00&Prime;E longitude) south of the Fiveways Intersection, is marked by a cairn constructed for Australia&#39;s Bicentennial celebrations in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Mount Tilga is 307 m above sea level and it rises sharply out of the plain, approximately 8 km north of Condobolin.</p><br>
<p>The Capitol of Puerto Rico  is located on the Islet of San Juan just outside the walls of Old San Juan. The building is home to the bicameral Legislative Assembly, composed of the House of Representatives and Senate. The building is located in the Puerta de Tierra sector of San Juan.</p><br>
<p>The Capitol is also commonly referred to as the Palace of the Laws (Palacio de las Leyes).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prior to the establishment of the Capitol, the Legislative Assembly used the Provincial Delegation Building, which now houses the Department of State. The idea of constructing a capitol was first introduced by former Resident Commissioner Luis Muñoz Rivera in 1907, and was partly meant to demonstrate some degree of civilian rule in the island, which at the time was a colony of the United States. The project proposed by Muñoz Rivera assigned $3 million for the construction and established rules for a contest among architectures to decide which one would do the work.</p><br>
<p>In September 1907, Commissioner of the Interior Laurence Grahame sent the official request for architects through the press and magazines of United States. The specifications for the building were that it was supposed to have three principal installations: the Executive Council, the House of Delegates, and the Supreme Court. It was supposed to be simple, conservative, and appropriate to the island&#39;s weather conditions. 134 architectural designs were submitted from the US, Cuba, Canada, France, Spain, and Puerto Rico.</p><br>
<p>The evaluation of the proposals was in charge of William F. Willoughby (president of the Executive Council), José de Diego (Speaker of the House, represented by Luis Muñoz Rivera), José S. Quiñones (President of the Supreme Court), and Laurence Grahame. Three American architects were also asked to join the Commission: E.B. Homerde, John E. Howe, and Bowen Bancroft Smith. In the end, three projects were selected, belonging to Frank E. Perkins (New York City), James H. Ritchie and Lewis B. Abbot (Boston), and Henry L. Beadle (New York).</p><br>
<p>Finally, the project chosen was the one from Frank E. Perkins, which presented a neoclassical style with little ornamentation. The main halls were organized around a central patio, with the south facade leading to the lobby. The lobby had the dome above, which bore a style similar to the Pantheon in Rome, including the oculus. To the right, there would be a session hall for the Executive Council, and to the left one for the House of Delegates. The Supreme Court would meet in a hall facing north.</p><br>
<p>However, Luis Muñoz Rivera and the local press preferred another project that was disqualified by the evaluating committee, because the architect had included a slogan in the blueprints, which was forbidden. The project belonged to a Puerto Rican engineer called Carlos del Valle Zeno. Del Valle&#39;s project presented a Renaissance style, with neoclassic orders.</p><br>
<p>Despite public opinion, Perkins was hired to make the construction blueprints for the Capitol, which were then auctioned. It wasnt until 1920 that the project was retaken when the Commissioner of the Interior, Guillermo Esteves, published a new design. The change came after a revision from the Department of Interior, which found Perkins design to be inappropriate. With the supervision of architects Adrian C. Finlayson, Francisco Roldán, and Pedro de Castro, new blueprints were made using the Renaissance style.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the building eventually began in 1921 under the leadership of Antonio R. Barceló. However, construction was halted after completion of the first level. When Finlayson got ill, he was replaced by Rafael Carmoega who, along with architects Joseph O&#39;Kelly, William Schimmelpfennig, Harry Pembleton, Albert Nichols, Luis F. Pina, and Gonzalo Fernós Maldonado, made another design to finish the structure.</p><br>
<p>Their design incorporated some of the elements from Perkins&#39;s original design, including the dome. The model for the central structure and the dome was that of the Low Memorial Library at Columbia University.</p><br>
<p>The building was inaugurated on February 11, 1929, with the first meeting of the Legislative Assembly taking place three days later.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1977 as El Capitolio de Puerto Rico.</p><br>
<h2>Capitol Building complex</h2><br>
<p>Designed in the 1950s by the Toro-Ferrer architectural firm, the Rafael Martínez Nadal building serves as the Senate Annex on the Senate side with offices for senators and two hearing rooms, and the Ernesto Ramos Antonini building seven as the House Annex on the House side with offices for representatives as well as hearing rooms. The Luis Muñoz Marín Office Building houses the Office of Legislative Services, the Luis A. Ferré Building houses offices for both chambers, as well as a 700 space parking garage, while the Antonio R. Barceló Building, former School of Tropical Medicine building houses offices for both chambers, the Legislative Library, and offices for the Superintendent of the Capitol and the Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico. The Ramón Mellado Parsons Building houses Senate offices. The buildings that formerly housed the State Commission of Elections in Puerta de Tierra are currently used to house House archives, as well as administrative offices.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural drawings</h2><br>
<p>The Architecture and Construction Archives at the University of Puerto Rico (AACUPR) is the custodian of the Capitol of Puerto Rico Collection (1924-1926). Approximately eight cubic feet in size, the collection contains architectural drawings, photographs and textual documents. The original drawings, executed in ink over drawing cloth, were produced by the Department of the Interior under the supervision of Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega. The 28 originals and 38 blue prints show plans, elevations, sections as well as electrical and plumbing distribution. There is also a proposal for the surrounding gardens by the architectural firm of Bennet, Parsons and Frost and several plates showing entries for the building competition. The collection was transferred to the AACUPR by the Capitol Superintendency in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Patterson Homestead is a historic house museum located at 1815 Brown Street in Dayton, Ohio, United States. It was built in 1816 by American Revolutionary War veteran Colonel Robert Patterson.</p><br>
<p>The house was built using Federal architecture in several sections over forty years. In 1953, the house was donated to the city of Dayton and has been used for a variety of purposes. At present time, the museum has six rooms containing period artifacts and original Patterson family artifacts.</p><br>
<p>Robert Patterson&#39;s grandsons, John Henry Patterson and Frank Jefferson Patterson lived in the house as young children, and would eventually go on to found the National Cash Register Company (now NCR Corporation) in 1884.</p><br>
<p>The home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and is currently operated by Dayton History.</p><br>
<p>The Saluda River is a principal tributary of the Congaree River, about 200 mi  long, in northern and western South Carolina in the United States. Via the Congaree River, it is part of the watershed of the Santee River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The Saluda River is formed about 10 mi (15 km) northwest of the city of Greenville, on the common boundary of Greenville and Pickens Counties, by the confluence of its north and south forks, each of which rises in the Blue Ridge Mountains very near the border of North Carolina:</p><br>
<p>The North Saluda River flows generally south-southwestwardly through northern Greenville County, past Marietta.</p><br>
<p>The South Saluda River flows generally southeastwardly on the Greenville-Pickens County border, receiving the Oolenoy River and the Middle Saluda River, which rises in Jones Gap State Park and flows generally southward through northwestern Greenville County.</p><br>
<p>From this confluence the Saluda River flows generally southeastwardly through the Piedmont region, through or along the boundaries of Pickens, Greenville, Anderson, Abbeville, Laurens, Greenwood, Newberry, Saluda, Lexington and Richland Counties, past the towns of Piedmont, West Pelzer, Pelzer, Ware Shoals and West Columbia. It joins the Broad River in Columbia to form the Congaree River.</p><br>
<h2>Dams</h2><br>
<p>Dams on the Saluda include:</p><br>
<p>The uppermost dam on the Saluda River, on the border of Greenville and Pickens Counties, forming Saluda Lake</p><br>
<p>Lake Saluda Reservoir Dam near Berea.</p><br>
<p>the old textile mill dam in Piedmont</p><br>
<p>The textile mill dam at Pelzer</p><br>
<p>The Pelzer Mills Dam, near Williamston</p><br>
<p>The Lee Steam Plant Dam near Williamston</p><br>
<p>The Holiday Dam near Belton</p><br>
<p>a still-operating dam built to power the textile mill in Ware Shoals</p><br>
<p>Greenwood dam, creating Lake Greenwood</p><br>
<p>Dreher Shoals Dam creating Lake Murray</p><br>
<h2>Principal tributaries</h2><br>
<p>The Reedy River flows into Lake Greenwood from the north in Laurens County.</p><br>
<p>The Little River flows into the Saluda from the north in Newberry County.</p><br>
<p>The Bush River flows into Lake Murray from the north in Newberry County.</p><br>
<p>The Little Saluda River flows into Lake Murray from the south in Saluda County; it is formed at the town of Saluda by the confluence of Mine Creek and Red Bank Creek.</p><br>
<h2>Crossings</h2><br>
<p>As it travels downstream, the Saluda river is crossed several times. (Note: this list may at times be incomplete)</p><br>
<p>Greenville County/Pickens County/Anderson County</p><br>
<p>New Easley Highway (USA 123)</p><br>
<p>Old Easley Highway</p><br>
<p>Anderson Road (Old Dunham Bridge - S.C. 81) Powdersville/Greenville</p><br>
<p>Interstate 85</p><br>
<p>Anderson Street in Piedmont, South Carolina (S.C. 86)</p><br>
<p>Piedmont Highway (S.C. 20) in Pelzer, South Carolina</p><br>
<p>S.C. 8 in Pelzer</p><br>
<p>Lee Steam Plant Road</p><br>
<p>Cooley Bridge Road in Belton, South Carolina</p><br>
<p>Holiday Dam Road</p><br>
<p>USA 76 in Honea Path, South Carolina</p><br>
<p>Laurens County/Abbeville County/Greenwood County</p><br>
<p>Erwin Mill Road</p><br>
<p>S.C. 252 (Old Bridge) in Ware Shoals, South Carolina</p><br>
<p>East Main Street in Ware Shoals</p><br>
<p>S.C. 25 in Ware Shoals</p><br>
<p>Lake Greenwood</p><br>
<p>Old Laurens-Greenwood Highway</p><br>
<p>Greenwood Highway (S.C. 72) in Lake Shores, South Carolina</p><br>
<p>Newberry County/Saluda County</p><br>
<p>Ninety-Six Highway (S.C. 34)</p><br>
<p>S.C. 39 in Chappells, South Carolina</p><br>
<p>Newberry Highway (S.C. 121)</p><br>
<p>Lake Murray</p><br>
<p>Kempson Bridge Road</p><br>
<p>S.C. 391 near Prosperity, South Carolina (also crosses the Little Saluda River)</p><br>
<p>Dreher Shoals Dam (S.C. 6)</p><br>
<p>Columbia</p><br>
<p>Interstate 20</p><br>
<p>Interstate 26</p><br>
<p>Riverbanks Zoo (footbridge)</p><br>
<h2>Variant names</h2><br>
<p>According to the Geographic Names Information System, the Saluda River has also been known as:</p><br>
<p>Chickawa</p><br>
<p>Corn River</p><br>
<p>Saludy River</p><br>
<p>Saluta River</p><br>
<p>Salutah River</p><br>
<p>Santee River</p><br>
<p>Seleuda River</p><br>
<p>The river is named after an Indian tribe that once lived along its banks near the community of Chappells, South Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>Save Our Saluda</h2><br>
<p>In 2008, a collective of local citizens (or Citizens Action Group) based in Marietta, Greenville County, South Carolina initiated a campaign to "Save Our Saluda" following what they perceived to be aggressive property development. Their mission is to "(protect) and (preserve) the headwaters of the Saluda watershed through concerned citizens action".</p><br>
<h2>Endangered Status</h2><br>
<p>In April 2009, the Saluda River was named by American Rivers, a leading river conservation group to a list of rivers in the United States that are under imminent threat by dams, industry or development. The article, posted on CNN on April 7, 2009 stated "Excess levels of sewage waste threaten the drinking water of more than 500,000 South Carolina residents, conservationists say. Sewage in the river increases phosphorus and algae levels, depletes oxygen, and kills fish and other aquatic life. American Rivers is asking the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control to improve sewage-treatment standards and ensure the river reduces its phosphorus levels by 25 to 50 percent."</p><br>
<p>The Hanalei River on the island of Kauai in Hawaii flows north from the eastern slopes of Mount Waialeale for 15.7 mi until it reaches the Pacific Ocean at Hanalei Bay as an estuary. With a long-term mean discharge of 216 cubic feet  per second, in terms of water flow it is the second-largest river in the state; although its watershed of 19.1 square miles is only sixth-largest on Kauai, it encompasses areas of the highest recorded rainfall on the planet and plunges precipitously from its headwaters at 3,500 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<p>The lower, flatter portion of the river flows by Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge and many taro farms (60% of Hawaii&#39;s taro is grown in this area). The Hanalei River provides habitat for a number of amphidromous species, including gobies (5 native varieties), two native species of crustacean, the hīhīwai (Neritina granosa, an edible snail), and in its upper reaches, a threatened species of highly adapted snail (Newcomb&#39;s snail, Erinna newcombi).</p><br>
<p>The Hanalei was designated an American Heritage River by US President Bill Clinton on July 30, 1998.</p><br>
<p>The major bridge across the river (still one lane) is on Hawaii Route 560, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii.</p><br>
<p>The Bush River is a tributary of the Saluda River, 30 mi  long, in the Piedmont region of western South Carolina in the United States. Via the Saluda and Congaree Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Santee River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<p>According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known as "Bush Creek." The United States Board on Geographic Names settled on "Bush River" as the stream&#39;s name in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The Bush River rises in Laurens County, just south of the town of Clinton, and flows generally southeastwardly into Newberry County, past Joanna. It joins into the Saluda River about 11 mi (17 km) south of Newberry as part of Lake Murray, which is formed on the Saluda by Saluda Dam.</p><br>
<p>The Landis Valley Village & Farm Museum is a 100-acre living history museum in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It collects, conserves, exhibits, and interprets Pennsylvania German material, culture, history and heritage from 1740 through 1940. The museum was founded by the Landis brothers--Henry K. Landis and George Landis.</p><br>
<p>The museum celebrates the many inventions developed in the Lancaster area. Because this was the birthplace of the Conestoga wagon, visitors see how wagons were made, including the critical process of making spoked wheels. Because Lancaster County is where the Pennsylvania longrifle &ndash; also known as the Kentucky longrifle &ndash; originated, visitors see how gunsmiths of the 18th century manufactured rifle barrels.</p><br>
<p>The features of the museum include:</p><br>
<p>Visitor Center</p><br>
<p>Landis House & Stable</p><br>
<p>Leatherworking Shop</p><br>
<p>Pottery Shop</p><br>
<p>Log Farm</p><br>
<p>Yellow Barn</p><br>
<p>Brick Farmstead</p><br>
<p>Erisman House</p><br>
<p>Blacksmith Shop</p><br>
<p>Tavern</p><br>
<p>Transportation Building</p><br>
<p>Gun Exhibit</p><br>
<p>Landis Valley House Hotel</p><br>
<p>Conestoga Wagon Shed</p><br>
<p>Maple Grove School</p><br>
<p>Farm Implement Shed</p><br>
<p>Steam Engine Building</p><br>
<p>Textile Processes & Garden</p><br>
<p>Country Store</p><br>
<p>Isaac Landis House, Barn & Feed Mill</p><br>
<p>Firehouse</p><br>
<p>Tin Shop</p><br>
<p>Landis Valley Museum Store</p><br>
<p>The North Dakota Mill and Elevator is the largest flour mill in the United States. It is located in the city of Grand Forks, North Dakota. Established by the state government when it was led by Nonpartisan League representatives, it is the only state-owned milling facility in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The North Dakota Mill and Elevator Association started operations on October 22, 1922. The facility was built by the state as a way of bypassing what many area wheat farmers considered unfair business practices on the part of the railroads and milling facilities in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Immigrants especially felt that they were disadvantage by the actions of major capitalists in the big cities.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1900s, the flour mills and grain exchange in Minneapolis were the primary wheat markets for North Dakotan farmers and elevators. After freight costs to Minneapolis were deducted from Minneapolis market prices, North Dakotan farmers received a low price for their wheat. The North Dakota Mill was established by the Nonpartisan League leaders, which then controlled the state government, to help solve this problem and benefit local farmers.</p><br>
<p>The North Dakota Mill facilities include seven milling units, a terminal elevator and a packing warehouse to prepare bagged products for shipment. The Mill&#39;s offerings include not only flour, but also newer products such as bread machine mixes, pancake mixes, and organic wheat products.</p><br>
<p>The Sturgis Pretzel House of Lititz, Pennsylvania, founded in 1861, is the oldest commercial pretzel bakery in the United States. The bakery remains active in pretzel production and is a tourist attraction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1850, Julius Sturgis owned a bread business in Lititz. That year, he provided a homeless man with dinner. According to legend, the homeless man had been on a train that went behind the bread business, and got off the train after seeing the bakery to get food and a job; however, Julius did not have a job available, but nonetheless fed the man. The man in return gave Julius a pretzel recipe. He had never baked pretzels before, so he tested the recipe out on his family and added pretzels to his bakery. By 1861 the recipe had proven to be so popular that Julius stopped his bakery to make pretzels; he started the first commercial pretzel business in the United States.</p><br>
<p>To this day the Sturgis family still bakes pretzels using the same recipe Julius used to start his pretzel bakery in 1861. Marriott Sturgis, born in 1910, was Juliuss grandson. He was nicknamed "Tom Sturgis" because he worked alongside his uncle Tom Keller and they had similar baking styles. Toms family moved to Reading, Pennsylvania where Tom continued to work in pretzel bakeries, eventually he—with his brother Correll—opened their own pretzel bakery in 1936 called Sturgis Brothers. However, Tom had to close down Sturgis Brothers due to the drafts for World War II.</p><br>
<p>After serving in a munitions factory during that war, Tom Sturgis continued the pretzel baking industry and opened another bakery called Tom Sturgis Pretzels. The business is still in operation today, run by Toms son, Bruce Sturgis. The Sturgis family also manages Julius Sturgiss original pretzel bakery.</p><br>
<p>The bakery was visited by childrens television host Fred Rogers on a 1981 episode of Mister Rogers Neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Besides being the first commercial pretzel bakery in the United States, the Sturgis Pretzel House has a long history. The building was built in 1784 by a man named Peter Kreiter (original inscription: "Er Bauet Von Peterkreiter") and is one of the original structures in Lititz. The house was built from stones taken from the streets and from the surrounding timber forest; it had windows to fire muskets to prevent against Native American attacks. The Julius Sturgis Pretzel Bakery is on the list of National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Since 1850, pretzels have been made in Lititz with a recipe derived from French monasteries.</p><br>
<p>Dassen Island is an uninhabited South African island in the Atlantic Ocean. It is situated about 10 km west of Yzerfontein and 55 km north of Cape Town. The flat and low-lying island measures about 3.1 km long northwest-southeast and 1 km wide, with an area of 2.73 km². It is a proclaimed nature reserve.</p><br>
<p>In Dutch the word "dassie" means (approximately) "rock-rabbit", the plural being "dassen" and the island is named after the colonies of hyraxes (Procavia capensis) encountered there by the discoverers. Named Ilha Branca (white island) by the early Portuguese mariners, it was renamed Elizabeth Eiland by Joris van Spilbergen in 1601. The form Dasseneiland (Dutch/Afrikaans) is preferred for official purposes.</p><br>
<p>The island is underpinned by a fine-grained tourmaline granite, with a few zones of biotite granite. The intrusive rocks (late Precambrian) are in part covered by sand. Along much of the shoreline large, rounded boulders protrude from the sand to heights just above the high water mark. Although temporary pans form during the wet season (winter) in the interior, there is in general little fresh water on the island.</p><br>
<p>Except on its eastern side, Dassen Island is surrounded by reefs. Many ships have been shipwrecked here.</p><br>
<p>FMIB 36499 Jackass Penguins on Dassen Island.jpegAfrican penguin (Spheniscus demersus).</p><br>
<p>AMH-5099-NA Map of Dassen Island.jpgNautical chart s. XVII</p><br>
<p>Lee Chapel is a National Historic Landmark in Lexington, Virginia, on the campus of Washington and Lee University. It was constructed during 1867–68 at the request of Robert E. Lee, who was President of the University  at the time, and after whom the building is named. The Victorian brick architectural design was probably the work of his son, George Washington Custis Lee, with details contributed by Col. Thomas Williamson, an architect and professor of engineering at the neighboring Virginia Military Institute. General Lee, along with much of the rest of the Lexington community, attended church services at Grace Episcopal Church, a hundred yards south, at the edge of the college campus. </p><br>
<p>When Lee died in 1870, he was buried beneath the chapel. His body remains there to this day, and for this reason among others, the Chapel is one of Lexington&#39;s major historical tourist attractions.</p><br>
<p>A centerpiece on the stage of the chapel—where the pulpit would be in a less secular place of worship—is a statue of Lee, in his uniform, asleep on the battlefield (the "Recumbent Lee"), designed by Edward Valentine. On the walls are two paintings: one of General Washington himself, by Charles Willson Peale, from the Washington family collections, and the other of Lee in his uniform, painted by Edward Pine. There is also a plaque given by the Sigma Society on one of the walls that honors two Sigma alumni from the classes of 1912 and 1915 who lost their lives in World War I.</p><br>
<p>In the basement a crypt (added after Lees burial) contains the remains of much of Lees direct family: the General himself, his wife Mary, his seven children, and his parents—Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee, who had been a general during the Revolutionary War, and Anne Carter Lee. Lees favorite horse, Traveller, is buried just outside the Chapel, where students of Washington and Lee traditionally leave coins or apples in hopes of being compensated with good fortune in their studies. In the basement of the Chapel is a museum that illuminates the history of the family of George Washington and Lee as well as that of the university itself. Lees office has been meticulously preserved in almost exactly the same condition as it was when he died.</p><br>
<p>Chapel plays a role in the modern operation of Washington and Lee. It seats about 600 in its main area and in a small, three-sided balcony. Freshmen assemble there to hear the President of the Universitys student-run Executive Committee speak on the schools Honor System. Important school-wide lectures, concerts, and other notable activities are held there from time to time. On August 6, 2014, the Confederate flags in the chapel were removed after student protests. It was then agreed that the chapels original flags, which were retired in the 1990s due to deterioration, were to be put on display on a rotating basis in the chapels museum.</p><br>
<p>Lee Chapel was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1963. It is open for tours based on the following schedule:</p><br>
<p>Franklin Park Conservatory and Botanical Gardens is a botanical garden and conservatory located in Columbus, Ohio. It is open daily and an admission fee is charged. Originally built in 1895, the Conservatory is on the National Register of Historic Places. Today, it is a horticultural and educational institution showcasing exotic plant collections, special exhibitions, and Dale Chihuly artworks.</p><br>
<p>The conservatory contains more than 400 plant species. Biomes representing global climate zones include: Himalayan Mountains, Tropical Rainforest, Desert, and Pacific Island Water Garden. Additional plant collections include a Bonsai Courtyard, Showhouse with seasonal displays, orchids and tropical bonsai collections, and Palm House with more than 40 species of palms. The conservatory is set within Franklin Park, and surrounded by 90 acres (36 hectares) of outdoor botanical gardens and green space.</p><br>
<p>On January 18, 1974, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Franklin County Agriculture Society purchased 88 acre of land two miles (3 km) east of downtown Columbus to host the first Franklin County Fair in 1852. By 1874, the Franklin County Agricultural Society agreed on the importance of this piece of land, increased the size to 93 acre, and made it the official site of the Ohio State Fair.</p><br>
<p>The state fair occupied the site until 1884, when it moved to a new location north of Columbus. With the change, the lot was abandoned. But on May 17, 1886, the site was officially revived when the Ohio State Legislature passed a resolution declaring it open for use as a public park.</p><br>
<p>In 1893, the Chicago’s World Fair and Columbian Exposition was an immensely influential social and cultural event. It inspired the city of Columbus to create a horticulture building modeled after the Exposition’s Glass Palace. This glass structure, built in the grand Victorian style, was erected in Franklin Park and opened to the public in 1895 as the Franklin Park Conservatory.</p><br>
<p>From 1895 to 1989, Columbus Recreation and Parks Department owned and operated the Conservatory. Unfortunately, little is known about the Conservatory’s earliest days, as a fire in Columbus City Hall destroyed its records in 1921. Much of the Conservatory’s history has been documented from newspapers and personal written accounts.</p><br>
<p>For a short period starting in 1927, animals were kept in the lower rooms of the Conservatory. In 1929, these animals left the Conservatory and became part of the first Columbus Zoo and Aquarium.</p><br>
<p>Over time, the facility developed a reputation for horticultural excellence and the display of rare and unusual plants. The Conservatory also became a popular location for family gatherings, weddings, and other events.</p><br>
<p>In 1974, in recognition of the Conservatory’s historic and architectural merit, the original glass structure, today known as the Palm House, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, Columbus hosted AmeriFlora &#39;92 and chose Franklin Park and the Conservatory as the host site for this six-month international horticulture exposition. Renovation of the historic Palm House and a $14-million expansion began in 1989. Additions to the Conservatory totaled 58,000 square feet and included expanded plant collections, classrooms, a library, gift shop, café and administrative offices.</p><br>
<p>In the wake of AmeriFlora, Franklin Park Conservatory’s future lay in question. Ohio Legislature created the Franklin Park Conservatory Joint Recreation District for the long-term management of the Conservatory. Ownership of the Conservatory and surrounding 28 acres was conferred to a new 10-member board of trustees and an executive director. With a handful of dedicated staff, volunteers, and an operating budget of $500,000, the institution began to regain its identity and momentum.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>In 1994, Franklin Park Conservatory debuted Blooms & Butterflies, becoming the first conservatory in the nation to showcase a seasonal butterfly exhibition. It was an instant success. Since then, the annual exhibition features thousands of tropical butterflies flying through the Pacific Island Water Garden. It attracts thousands of visitors each year, and other conservatories throughout the nation have followed suit.</p><br>
<p>The years 2003 and 2004 brought new milestones when Franklin Park Conservatory presented Chihuly at the Conservatory, a blockbuster exhibition that increased attendance by 182 percent. On October 29, 2004, the Friends of the Conservatory, a private, nonprofit group that supports the Conservatory’s programming, made a stunning move. They purchased nearly the entire exhibition of Dale Chihuly’s artworks valued at close to $7 million. To this day, Franklin Park Conservatory is the only public botanical garden in the world to own a signature collection of Chihuly’s magnificent glass artworks, which represents over 3,000 pieces of glass.</p><br>
<p>Several exhibitions that merge nature and art have followed. Chapungu: Stories in Stone was a collection stone sculptures by self-taught artists from Zimbabwe, Branching Out featured the work of Patrick Daugherty, and imaginative garden railroads by Paul Busse in Enchanted Express. Contemporary artists including Dennis Oppenheim, Laura Stein, and Andy Goldsworthy came together in the exhibition Bending Nature. Glass artist Debra Moore’s orchids were displayed in 2011, and sculpture by Aurora Robson debuted at the Conservatory in 2012.</p><br>
<p>In the fall of 2013, the Conservatory hosted an exhibition by internationally recognized British artist Bruce Munro. Light at Franklin Park Conservatory featured 10 large-scale light installations and gallery works.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, the Conservatory undertook the first phase of a comprehensive Master Plan and raised $23M to support new construction projects. New gardens, event venues and additions to the Palm House were dedicated in 2008 and contemporary light artist James Turrell was commissioned to illuminate the Palm House with a permanent installation. In September 2009, the Conservatory converted four acres of Franklin Park into the four-acre ScottsMiracle-Gro Community Garden Campus. The first phase of the Master Plan closed in 2011 with the completion of a 9,200 sq. ft. support greenhouse.</p><br>
<p>The facility offers a wide range of educational classes for school groups, families, and individuals of all ages. Its extensive plant collections and special exhibitions provide hands-on learning opportunities about the natural world, gardening, and the arts.</p><br>
<p>Cheat Lake is a 13 mi reservoir on the Cheat River in Monongalia County, West Virginia, United States. It was originally named Lake Lynn, but the Board on Geographic Names officially decided upon Cheat Lake as the reservoir&#39;s name in 1976. The surface area of Cheat Lake is about 1,730 acre. The volume is approximately 128.016 km3. It is located immediately downstream of the 10 mi Cheat Canyon.</p><br>
<p>Cheat Lake has 3 marinas located towards the river end of the reservoir. They are Edgewater Marina, Lakeside Marina, and Sunset Beach Marina.</p><br>
<p>Cheat Lake Dam is located directly south of the Mason–Dixon line border with Pennsylvania. The dam is run by eleven employees and has a generating capacity of 52 MW. Cheat Lake Dam&#39;s total length across the Cheat River is approximately 1,000 ft. The first water flowed over the dam on December 23, 1925 and it began its operation on May 31, 1926.</p><br>
<p>Duntrune Castle is located on the north side of Loch Crinan and across from the village of Crinan in Argyll, Scotland. It is thought to be the oldest continuously occupied castle on mainland Scotland. The castle is a category B listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was originally built by the MacDougall clan in the 12th century, along with several other castles in the area, including the MacDougall stronghold of Dunollie Castle near Oban. Duntrune Castle was eventually taken by the Clan Campbell. In 1644, the castle was besieged by the rival MacDonalds, under Alasdair Mac Colla. The Campbells sold Duntrune in 1792, to the Malcolms of Poltalloch. The castle is now owned by Robin Neill Malcolm, current clan chief of the Clan Malcolm.</p><br>
<p>The curtain wall of the castle dates from the 13th century, although the tower house which forms the main part of the castle is of the 17th century. The castle was renovated in 1954.</p><br>
<h2>The Piper Of Duntrune</h2><br>
<p>The ghost of a handless piper is said to haunt the castle. According to one story, the Macdonald piper was sent into the castle as a spy, but was found out. He was imprisoned, but played his pipes to warn the Macdonalds that their surprise attack was now expected. Alasdair Mac Colla retreated, and the piper&#39;s hands were cut off by the Campbells.</p><br>
<p>According to another story, one more well known, the Macdonalds captured the castle. Mac Colla needed to return home and left a small garrison to defend the castle, with his personal piper among them. While he was away, the castle was recaptured by the Campbells and all the MacDonalds were killed, except the piper, who was spared because of his status. After retaking their castle the Campbells laid a trap for the Macdonalds.</p><br>
<p>As Mac Colla sailed returning to the castle he and his crew heard, as expected the piper playing a tune of welcome from the castle ramparts. As the MacDonald boat grew closer, the Macdonalds were able to discern the tune and recognised it as a warning. The small boat turned away and the trap failed. To punish the piper, his hands were cut off so that he may never play again. The piper bled out and died of his injuries.</p><br>
<p>During a set of renovations at the castle, workers unearthed a handless human skeleton under a stone path, whose hands had been removed by clean cuts to the wrist. It is believed that this skeleton is that of the Piper Of Duntrune. There was evidence of an Episcopalian burial; many of the Highlanders serving the Royalist cause were Episcopalian at the time. The Campbells fought for the Covenanters, who were Presbyterian.</p><br>
<h2>Popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The gateposts of Skyfall lodge, James Bond&#39;s childhood home in the film of the same name, were modelled after those at Duntrune.</p><br>
<p>Vilkitsky Island  is the southernmost island of the De Long group in the northern part of the East Siberian Sea. Administratively Vilkitsky Island belongs to the Sakha Republic administrative division of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<p>The island is named after Russian hydrographer Boris Vilkitsky.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island is outside of the limits of permanent ice and is unglaciated. At barely 1.5 km&sup2; Vilkitsky is the smallest island of the group. The highest elevation is 70 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>Vilkitsky Island consists of deeply eroded nepheline basalt lava flows</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Vilkitsky Island was discovered in 1913 during the Imperial Russian Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition led by Boris Vilkitsky on the ships Taymyr and Vaygach on behalf of the Russian Hydrographic Service in order to chart the last blank areas of Russian maps.</p><br>
<p>Eccles Avenue Historic District, also known as the David Eccles Subdivision is a historic neighborhood located between 25th and 26th streets in Ogden, Utah, and Jackson and Van Buren Avenues. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Most of the architecturally significant homes were built between 1910 and 1930 with the majority of the larger homes built during the initial settlement decade. Original inhabitants included families Browning (first generation descendants of gun inventor John Browning and Matthew S. Browning), Eccles (first generation descendants of 19th century multi-millionaire David Eccles), E.O. Wattis (of the Utah Construction Company), Patterson, Dumke, Healy, Rowe, Larkin among other Utah (and national) notables. On Van Buren Avenue to the north but not included in the district are also the substantial Ralph Bristol House and the Gustav Becker House. Several families in the district also had patriarchal ties (Eccles, Patterson, Healy, Wattis, and Bigelow) in the Jefferson Avenue Historic District to the west.</p><br>
<p>The district was also later home to notables such as Marriner S. Eccles, a Chairman of the Federal Reserve and co-founder of First Security Bank (Marriner Browning, an original inhabitant of the district was also a founder.)</p><br>
<p>The architects of these buildings are listed as Hodgson, Leslie S. and Piers, Eber F. Hodgson was part of a later firm, Hodgson & McClenahan, that developed the famous Ogden Art Deco buildings, including Ogden High School, the USA Forest Service Building and Ogden/Weber Municipal Building. Other noteworthy projects included the Union Stock Yard Exchange Building, Shupe-Williams Candy Company Factory, Scowcroft Warehouse, Peery&#39;s Egyptian Theatre, Peery Apartments, Patterson Building, and Eccles Building.</p><br>
<p>Most of the substantial buildings in the Eccles Avenue Historic District were based on the Prairie School architectural style, but several variations of period styles exist including craftsman, bungalow and Tudor. A few of the buildings are currently commercially utilized but the majority are privately owned residential dwellings.</p><br>
<p>The Bigelow Hotel is a historic hotel located at 2510 Washington Blvd. in Ogden, Utah, United States. It has also been known as the Ben Lomond Hotel, Radisson Hotel and Ben Lomond Historic Suite Hotel. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. It is notable for its Italian Renaissance Revival architectural significance and as the setting of historical events.</p><br>
<p>The hotel is currently operating under the name Ben Lomond Suites and is a member of Choice Hotels&#39; Ascend Collection.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Bigelow Hotel was constructed in 1927. The building is located on the southeast corner of Washington Boulevard and Historic 25th Street in Ogden, Utah. It achieved, and has held, the distinction of the largest hotel in the city of Ogden from the time of its construction. It is considered one of three "grand hotels" in Utah. The other two hotels are the former Hotel Utah and the now-demolished Newhouse Hotel.</p><br>
<p>On the site of the Bigelow previously stood another hotel, the five-story Reed Hotel (1891). A. Peery, a local businessman, decided to build a modern hotel in its place. A corporation with 300 shareholders was organized for the funding and management of the project. The hotel was originally named for local banker Archie P. Bigelow.</p><br>
<p>The architectural firm of Hodgson & McClenahan, notable for other fine works in Ogden, was hired to draw plans for the hotel. Other projects done by this firm include Peery&#39;s Egyptian Theatre, Ogden High School, Ogden/Weber Municipal Building, the Regional Forest Service Building, Stock Exchange Building and several Prairie School residences in the Eccles Avenue Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The construction cost for the building has been stated at $1,250,000 in 1927.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>It is a fine example of the Italian Renaissance Revival style, common in the 1920s, but unusual for Utah. The building stands as a prime example of the growth and economic development in Ogden during that decade. The exterior was finished in a terra cotta style, highly ornamented, especially on the sides that face 25th Street and Washington Boulevard.</p><br>
<p>Inside, themes ranged from an Arabic-style coffee shop to a Florentine Palace ballroom. A meeting room for businessmen&#39;s clubs offered a touch of old Spain, while the English Room used old wood paneling influenced by a room in Bromley Castle, England. The Georgian Room was decorated in Adamesque style, but the Shakespeare Room, with murals painted by local artist LeConte Stewart, was the jewel of the Hotel.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel gained national attention when, in 1928, it played host to the Western Democrats convention. The Western States "Smith for President" campaign signaled to Democratic leaders that Alfred E. Smith would be a force in the presidential election of 1928. This event was covered in the October 3, 1927 issue of Time.</p><br>
<p>Marriner S. Eccles acquired the Bigelow Hotel in 1933 and renamed it the Ben Lomond Hotel. It remained a functional hotel for more than 40 years. Several owners, including Weber County, have used it for different purposes, including offices. Radisson purchased the hotel in the 1980s and refurbished it.</p><br>
<p>The Ceram Sea or Seram Sea  is one of several small seas between the scattered islands of Indonesia. It is a section of the Pacific Ocean with an area of approximately 12,000 square kilometers located between Buru and Seram, which are two of the islands once called the South Moluccas. These islands are the native habitat of plants long coveted for their use as spices, such as nutmeg, cloves, and black peppercorns, and the seas surrounding them were busy shipping routes. The Ceram Sea is also the habitat of several species of tropical goby and many other fish. Like many other small Indonesian seas, the Ceram Sea is rocky and very tectonically active.</p><br>
<h2>Extent</h2><br>
<p>The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines the Ceram Sea as being one of the waters of the East Indian Archipelago. The IHO defines its limits as follows:</p><br>
<p>On the North and Northeast. A line from Tanjong Dehekolano, the Eastern extreme of the Soela Sula Islands to the Western extreme of Obi, along its Southern coast to Tanjung Serammaloleo its Eastern extreme, thence through Tobalai, Kekeh, Pisang and Kofiau Islands to Tanjong Sele (), the Western point of New Guinea, down the coast to Karufa ().</p><br>
<p>On the Southeast. A line from Karufa, New Guinea, to the Southeastern extreme of pulau Adi, thence to tanjung Borang, the Northern point of pulau Nuhuyut Kai Besar ().</p><br>
<p>On the Southwest and South. From the Northern point of pulau Nuhuyut (Groot Kai) through the Watubela and Gorong Islands to the Southeastern extreme of Ceram, along its Northern shore to Tanjung Tandurubesar , the Northwest point, thence a line to Tanjung Baturuhan, the Northern extreme of Buru Buru, and along the coast to Tanjung Palpetu, the Northwest point of the Island.</p><br>
<p>On the West. A line from Tanjung Palpetu to Tanjung Waka, the Southern point of pulau Sanana, through this island to its Northern point, thence across the Mangoli Strait to the South coast of Mangole (Sula Islands) in .</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>*Fairbridge, R. E. (1966). The Encyclopedia of Oceanography. New York: Halsted.</p><br>
<p>*Wang, James C. F. (1992). Handbook on Ocean Politics and Law. New York: Greenwood Press.</p><br>
<p>The Rock Ford Plantation or the General Edward Hand House is a historic house in Southeast Lancaster City, surrounded by Lancaster County Central Park, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1976. Edward Hand was an Adjutant General to George Washington during the American Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hand bought the land on which the plantation was built in two transactions, first purchasing 160 acre in 1785 and later buying an additional 17 acre in 1792. The Georgian-style brick mansion was built in 1794, and its architecture has since remained largely unchanged. All four floors conform to the same plan, a center hall and four corner rooms, as was typical of the period. The plantation stands on the banks of the Conestoga River, one mile (1.6 km) south of the city of Lancaster. General Edward Hand and his wife Katherine Hand lived at Rock Ford with their 7 children from 1794 until his death in 1802, and then her death in 1805.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>Rock Ford was saved from destruction by the Junior League in 1958, the house was renovated and restored to become an historic house museum. Rock Ford Foundation was established as a nonprofit to take over the museum. Today visitors can come to Rock Ford Plantation for guided tours and learn what it was like to live there between 1794-1805. The house is set up to reflect the inventory of the house when Hand died in 1802. Rock Ford offers visitors an authentic example of refined country living as it existed during the early years of the Republic.</p><br>
<p>SubTropolis is a 55,000,000 ft2, 1,100 acre manmade cave in the bluffs above the Missouri River in Kansas City, Missouri, United States, that is claimed to be the worlds largest underground storage facility. Developed by late Kansas City Chiefs owner Lamar Hunt via Hunt Midwest Real Estate Development, Inc., it has trademarked the phrase Worlds Largest Underground Business Complex.</p><br>
<p>Dug into the Bethany Falls limestone mine, SubTropolis is, in places, 160 ft beneath the surface. It has a grid of 16 ft high, 40 ft wide tunnels separated by 25 ft square limestone pillars created by the room and pillar method of hard rock mining. The complex contains almost 7 mi of illuminated, paved roads and several miles of railroad track. Currently 5,000,000 ft2 is occupied and 10,000,000 ft2 are "improved." About 3.2 acre of available space are added each year as active mining continues.</p><br>
<p>The mine naturally maintains temperatures between 65 and year-round. The United States Postal Service and the United States Environmental Protection Agency lease spaces within SubTropolis, the United States Postal Service for its collectible stamp operations and the USA Environmental Protection Agency for their Region-7 Training and Logistics Center.</p><br>
<p>On the north edge of the complex Hunt developed the Worlds of Fun and Oceans of Fun amusement park complex. Hunt&#39;s extensive business dealings in Clay County contributed to the Chiefs having their NFL Training Camp at William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri until 1991.</p><br>
<p>Other facilities like SubTropolis exist although not on the same scale, such as the abandoned mine in Butler, Pennsylvania used by Corbis and the US Federal Government for secure storage. As the room and pillar mining method is used to extract limestone throughout the Midwest, many companies are looking at ways to utilize the hundreds of millions of square feet created in this manner for everything from mushroom farming to crude oil stockpiling.</p><br>
<h2>Tenants</h2><br>
<p>SubTropolis is used by around 50 businesses and organizations, including:</p><br>
<p>LightEdge Solutions</p><br>
<p>Cerner</p><br>
<p>Grantham University</p><br>
<p>NextPage</p><br>
<p>Vanguard Packaging</p><br>
<p>United States Postal Service</p><br>
<p>Hallmark Cards</p><br>
<p>Paris Brothers</p><br>
<p>Hantover</p><br>
<p>Clore Automotive</p><br>
<p>Leggett & Platt</p><br>
<p>Knapheide</p><br>
<p>Food Service Warehouse</p><br>
<p>Tell Barri is an archaeological site in north-eastern Syria in</p><br>
<p>the Al-Hasakah Governorate. Its ancient name was Kahat as proved by a threshold found on the south-western slope of the mound.</p><br>
<p>Tell Barri is situated along the Wadi Jaghjagh, a tributary of the Khabur River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The earliest layers discovered at Tell Barri date to the Halaf period. Barri was situated in the fertile crescent and could benefit from winter rains as well as the river water. This developed the early agriculture of the area. The site of Tell Barri was inhabited since the fourth millennium BC. By the middle of the third millennium BC Barri came under Akkadian cultural influence. The large urban centre at Tell Brak was only a short distance away.</p><br>
<h3>Ancient city of Kahat</h3><br>
<p>By the eighteenth century BC the city known as Kahat is attested from the palace archives of Mari. Kahat seems to have been ruled by semi-independent kings. The town then came under the rule of the Old Assyrian Empire whose capital, Shubat-Enlil, was located northeast of Kahat. When the empire collapsed, the harem of its king Shamshi-Adad I sought refuge at Kahat. Several centuries later, the town emerged as a religious centre when the Hurrian kingdom of Mitanni established itself in the region by the fifteenth century BC. The temple to the Storm god Teshub in Kahat is specifically mentioned in the Shattiwaza treaty of the fourteenth century BC. Shortly afterwards the town fell into the hands of the Middle Assyrian Empire. In the Neo-Assyrian Empire period a palace was built by the Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta II (891-884 BC) in Kahat. The town lived on after the end of the Assyrian empire in the seventh century BC as a part of Achaemenid Assyria. Babylonians, Persians, Seleucids, Romans, and Parthians left their trace. The site was inhabited into the Arab period.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The height of town mound is 32 meters (100 ft), and its size 37 hectares, nearly 100 acre.</p><br>
<p>In 1980 excavations were begun by a team of Italian archaeologists from the University of Florence led by Paolo Emilio Pecorella and Mirjo Salvini. Since 2006, the dig was operated by a team from University of Naples Federico II led by Raffaella Pierobon-Benoit.</p><br>
<p>The town was walled in the second millennium BC, with an acropolis at its centre. Tombs were also found at the site. Many ceramics were discovered which have helped the archaeologists determine the different strata of occupation of the mound. Artifacts from Tell Barri, including a number of cuneiform tablets, have been taken to the museum of Aleppo.</p><br>
<p>Significant discoveries are a sacred complex in Area G (third millennium BC), the remains of the royal palace of Tukulti-Ninurta II (Neo-Assyrian period) and the Great Circuit Wall that surrounds the tell and dates to the Parthian period. Scant traces of Roman occupation have been found in many areas of the site. Recently, Islamic occupation (houses&#39; quarter) has been attested on the northern slope of the mound.</p><br>
<p>The Hackney Brook is one of the subterranean rivers of London. It crossed the northern parts of the current London boroughs of Hackney and Islington, emptying into the River Lea at Hackney Wick, with its source in Holloway.</p><br>
<h2>Course of the River</h2><br>
<p>In Hackney, the river ran through the northern part of Clissold Park, where its course is now marked by two lakes. It crossed the artificial New River, which now flows at right angles to the brook and leaves the park to the south. The two Clissold park lakes are now fed from the main water supply, not the brook.</p><br>
<p>It then wandered through Abney Park Cemetery to cross at the bottom of the road Stamford Hill to run along the north side of Stoke Newington Common. At this point, builders found, in the 1860s, very early evidence of human occupation in the form of 200,000-year-old palaeolithic flint axes, which were being made on the banks of the brook. These are among the earliest human artifacts found in Britain.</p><br>
<p>From here, the brook followed the western side of Hackney Downs, then ran south-east to cross Dalston Lane and Mare Street in Hackney Central near Bohemia Place. Many 18th and 19th-century illustrations show the ford here, which was at the bend in the road where the North London Railway bridge now crosses Mare Street. From here it ran through Homerton and Hackney Wick to join the Lea.</p><br>
<p>In its heyday, up until the late 1830s, the brook was a substantial river, 10 metres wide in full flood at Stoke Newington and perhaps 30 metres wide at its junction with the Lea.</p><br>
<p>Its course can be seen on some old maps.</p><br>
<h2>Disappearance</h2><br>
<p>Although much of the Hackney Brook had already been covered over by 1856, local population growth in the area had turned the open portions into little more than an open sewer. In response to this, the Metropolitan Board of Works constructed its northern high-level sewer in 1860 to a design by Sir Joseph Bazalgette to contain the brook and its many tributaries. The sewer followed the course of the brook as far as Hackney Church Street (now Mare Street), but then struck south to cross Victoria Park, joining the larger sewer network at Old Ford.</p><br>
<p>Jakupica  or Mokra is a mountain range in the central part of the Republic of Macedonia. Its highest peak is Solunska Glava 2,540 m. Other significant peaks are: Karadzica , Popovo Brdo , Ostar Breg , Ubava , Ostar Vrv , and Dautica .</p><br>
<p>The relief is criss-crossed by numerous clear and fast mountain rivers. Large areas are covered with beech, oak, and conifer forests. There are also obvious traces of the primeval glaciation from the diluvial period. A number of institutions have been recommending the promotion of this area (and the one of the Šar Mountains) into a national park.</p><br>
<p>This mountain range can be easily approached from the capital Skopje, or from the town of Veles and many villages in the area.</p><br>
<p>On clear days, from the peak Solunska Glava, one could even see the city of Thessaloniki, in Greece.</p><br>
<p>The Jablanica  is a mountain located between the border of Albania and the Republic of Macedonia. The long mountain ridge is higher than 2,000 m for approximately 50 km, while the highest part, located in its very center, is Black Stone at 2,257 m high. Both countries have 50% of the mountain, Albania the west and Macedonia the east. Jablanica Mountain contains many large mountain lakes. Shebenik mountain is located just to the west of Jablanica and give name to the Shebenik-Jabllanice National Park. The closest towns to Jablanica are Librazhd in Albania and Struga in Macedonia.</p><br>
<p>The mountain range is one of the few places in the Balkans that hold the Balkan lynx (Lynx lynx martinoi), a subspecies of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). The total number of this vulnerable species is estimated at below 100 individuals.</p><br>
<p>Latrigg is one of the lowest fells in the Lake District, but is a popular climb due to its convenient location overlooking the town of Keswick and the beautiful views down the valley of Borrowdale from the summit. It is the least mountainous of the Skiddaw fells, the summit being almost entirely devoid of rock. The slopes of Latrigg are partially wooded, and logging work is currently being undertaken. One lone tree just south of the summit is prominently viewed in silhouette when approaching Keswick from the west along the A66.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>Latrigg is the most southerly top of the Skiddaw massif and of the Northern Fells as a whole. It takes the form of a rounded hump at the terminus of a long descending ridge, and would be unremarkable if not for its location. To the north of Latrigg summit is an unnamed depression at about 970 ft and rising beyond is a grassy rigg, climbing up to Jenkin Hill and the top of Skiddaw Little Man. Latrigg itself sends out a narrow ridge to the east, about a mile long and ending at Brundholm.</p><br>
<p>The fell is bordered by the two streams falling from the northern col. Gale Gill runs west to join the River Derwent between Derwentwater and Bassenthwaite Lake. The unnamed eastern stream joins Whit Beck and then flows into the River Greta, bound again for the Derwent via Keswick.</p><br>
<p>The steep southern slopes are cloaked in the mixed woodland of Brundholme Wood and Whinny Brow, Latrigg&#39;s only crags being hidden in the trees. A public road from Keswick contours across this slope at around 600 ft, giving access to the farms of Lonscale and Brundholm. Further mixed woodland has been planted on the north eastern slopes above Whit Beck. To the north west, on either bank of Gale Gill, are the conifer plantations of Birkett Wood and Mallen Dodd. A single track road climbs up the slope beside the wood, giving access to a car park on the depression to the north of the fell.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>In common with much of the Northern Fells the Kirk Stile Formation of the Skiddaw Group predominates. This is composed of laminated mudstone and siltstone with greywacke sandstone and is of Ordovician age.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The top of the fell is sheep pasture, falling gently to the north and quite steeply to the south. Some stumps remain at the top of the southern slope as evidence of past deforestation, together with few small trees, bent down by the prevailing wind. A ditch and parapet run across the top. The parapet was the base of a fence, long since decayed, and the ditch was the source of the earth for its construction.</p><br>
<p>The view northward is of the high grassy flanks of Skiddaw and Blencathra, impressive but lacking detail. To the south the contrast is total. Looking out over Keswick and down the full length of Derwentwater, the eye is drawn to Borrowdale and the high fells of Central Lakeland. Wainwright was moved to describe "a panorama of crowded detail, all of it of great beauty: indeed this scene is one of the gems of the district...The far horizon is a jumbled upheaval of peaks, with many dear old friends standing up proudly."</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Commonly Latrigg is ascended from Keswick, the route beginning along Spooney Green Lane near the old railway station and then either making direct for the top or swinging north via Mallen Dodd. Threlkeld is another starting point, first crossing the Glenderaterra Beck and then climbing up the east ridge. The easiest way is to park at the end of Gale Road, from where the summit is a simple 10&#8209;minute stroll on grass, the most accessible of all the 214 Wainwrights. This car park is commonly used as the starting point for the ascent of Skiddaw, although the purist will first climb Latrigg from Keswick before setting foot upon its parent. A recently constructed path allows disabled access to the summit of Latrigg from the car park.</p><br>
<p>Rannerdale Knotts is a fell in the Lake District of Cumbria, England. Rising from the Buttermere valley, it is one of the smaller Cumbrian hills and is overlooked by a number of surrounding fells, such as Grasmoor, Whiteless Pike and, across Crummock Water, Mellbreak and the High Stile ridge. Rannerdale Knotts is said to be the site of a battle between the native Cumbrians and Norsemen and the invading Normans in the late 11th or early 12th century.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The North Western Fells occupy the area between the rivers Derwent and Cocker, a broadly oval swathe of hilly country, elongated on a north-south axis. Two roads cross from east to west, dividing the fells into three convenient groups. The central sector, rising between Whinlatter Pass and Newlands Pass, includes Whiteless Pike.</p><br>
<p>The highest ground in the North Western Fells is an east-west ridge in this central sector, beginning with Grasmoor above Crummock Water and then gradually descending eastwards over Crag Hill, Sail, Scar Crags and Causey Pike. Grasmoor has the greatest elevation, but Crag Hill stands at the hub of the range. It sends out a subsidiary ridge to the south west, stepping down over Wandope and Whiteless Pike toward Buttermere village. Just above the village this ridge then turns sharply north west and rises to the summit of Rannerdale Knotts.</p><br>
<p>The sharp angle in the ridge is marked by a depression at 950 ft, beyond which the ground climbs slowly for around a mile toward the top. This section of the fell is named Low Bank on Ordnance Survey maps and is clad primarily in bracken. The final section bears a series of rocky knolls, still rising slowly north westward. A tumbling descent of crag and scree then follows as the end of the ridge drops steeply to the valley floor, halfway along the shore of Crummock Water. Rannerdale farm lies below this terminal face.</p><br>
<p>The south western side of Rannerdale Knotts is bounded first by Mill Beck, running through Buttermere village, and then by Crummock Water. The north eastern flank falls to Squat Beck, a feeder of Rannerdale Beck. High Rannerdale lies within the angle of the ridge between Whiteless Pike and Rannerdale Knotts, Rannerdale proper being a triangular patch of pasture constrained by Rannerdale Knotts, Grasmoor and Crummock Water.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The summit area shows outcropping of the Kirkstile Formation. These Ordovician rocks, typical of the Skiddaw massif, are composed of laminated mudstone and siltstone. Low Bank lies across the Causey Pike Fault and is part of the Buttermere Formation, an olistostrome of disrupted sheared and folded mudstone, siltstone and sandstone. There are also two minor intrusions of basalt running across the ridgeline.</p><br>
<p>There is a trial level in the northern crags, above Hause Point on the Crummock Water road. The opening is about 5 ft square but the level extends only a little way into the fell-side. The object appears to have been lead-bearing galena of which some traces remain.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The small tidy summit on the highest rock knoll bears a cairn. The view is limited by the circle of higher fells, but the vista of Buttermere backed by Great Gable is excellent. Crummock Water can also be brought into view by taking a few paces westward.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Rannerdale Knotts is often ascended from Buttermere, making use of the good path going up Whiteless Pike, before turning west north-west along Low Bank at the col at 950 feet. There is a more direct ascent up the west face of the fell from Hause Point at Rannerdale, accessed from the B5289 road on the eastern shore of Crummock Water. A larger circuit of Rannerdale can also be made, taking in Grasmoor, Crag Hill, Wandope, Whiteless Pike and Rannerdale Knotts.</p><br>
<h2>The Battle of Rannerdale and The Secret Valley</h2><br>
<p>Local historian and publican Nicholas Size published a historical novel in 1930 called The Secret Valley, which tells the story of how this area resisted the Norman invaders in the 50 years after the 1066 Norman invasion. According to Size, the Norman army was ambushed and defeated by the native Britons and Norsemen at the Battle of Rannerdale.</p><br>
<p>The battle is thought to have taken place in the side valley of Rannerdale, which runs east of the summit of the fell, west of Whiteless Pike and south of Grasmoor. Bluebells grow in profusion in this valley in April and May. According to local folklore, the bluebells are said to have sprung from the spilt blood of the slain Norman warriors.</p><br>
<p>A Norman army under the command of Ranulf Meschin, Earl of Carlisle, advanced south from Cockermouth. (Ranulf Meschin is Size&#39;s anglicised version of Norman nobleman Ranulph les Meschines.) The local warriors were commanded by the Earl Boethar, who succeeded in drawing the Normans into the side valley of Rannerdale, then routed them with a surprise attack from above and behind.</p><br>
<p>In Size&#39;s version, Ranulf Meschin escaped and lived in disgrace until he succeeded a relative as Earl of Chester in 1120.</p><br>
<p>Little historical evidence is available to support Size&#39;s version of the story, which is a romanticised tale of the last stand of the native Britons against the invading force.</p><br>
<p>The Buttermere area does not appear in the Domesday Book, which indicates that this part of Cumbria was not under Norman control in 1086. The central area of the Lake District is known to have been populated by the earlier Norse invaders in the early 10th century, and dale is etymologically Norse. Cumbria was ostensibly part of Scotland, until seized by the forces of William Rufus in 1092, following a dispute with Scottish king Malcolm III, himself killed a year later at the Battle of Alnwick. William Rufus gave Norman nobleman Ranulph les Meschines lands in Cumbria following this conquest of the area. When Ranulph les Meschines became Earl of Chester, his estates were returned to the Crown. Around 1120, Henry I of England gave the Barony of Copeland to Ranulphs brother William les Meschines, who settled at then initiated the construction of the castle at Egremont on Cumbrias western coast.</p><br>
<p>Size himself died aged 86, having negotiated fiercely with the local district council to be buried on the fells. His grave overlooks Rannerdale. His epitaph reads:</p><br>
<p>The Lower Rhine  flows from Bonn, Germany, to the North Sea at Hoek van Holland, Netherlands ; alternatively, Lower Rhine may be refer to the part upstream of Pannerdens Kop, excluding the Nederrijn.</p><br>
<p>Almost immediately after entering the Netherlands, the Rhine splits into numerous branches. The main branch is called the Waal which flows from Nijmegen to meet the Meuse; after which it is called Merwede. Near Rotterdam the river is known as Nieuwe Maas, and becomes the Nieuwe Waterweg flowing into the North Sea at Hoek van Holland.</p><br>
<p>The downstream Lower Rhine is a low lying land. Up to the beginning of industrialization roughly one fifth of the land area could only be used as pasture: an endless meadow, which could not be farmed because of flooding and a high ground-water level. However, the remaining soils of the Lower Rhine were always very fertile. That can also be seen in the farmsteads. The houses are relatively large, with the intention of accommodating a plentiful harvest and a lot of cattle</p><br>
<p>The Nederrijn refers to the more northern former main branch of the Rhine, which flows past Arnhem; splits off the IJssel which flows into the IJsselmeer and then splits into the Lek and the Kromme Rijn at Wijk bij Duurstede. The Lek flows into the Merwede. The Kromme Rijn continues past Utrecht, becomes the Leidse Rijn, then Oude Rijn and flows into the North Sea at Katwijk.</p><br>
<p>There are other minor branches such as the Vecht, Hollandse IJssel and the Noord.</p><br>
<p>The German term Niederrhein refers both to the German section of the Lower Rhine as well as to parts of the surrounding Lower Rhine region.</p><br>
<p>Marsh Lake  is a widening of the Yukon River southeast of Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada. It is over 30 kilometres long and ranges from three to four kilometres wide.</p><br>
<p>The co-ordinates of the lake are 60&deg;26&prime;10&Prime;N latitude, 134&deg;15&prime;02&Prime;W longitude, and is 2,147 feet above sea level. The lake forms part of a chain of finger lakes, sometimes referred to as "The Southern Lakes", they form the headwaters of the Yukon River.</p><br>
<p>The community of Marsh Lake, Yukon is located along the northern shores of the lake.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the Klondike Gold Rush the Yukon River system was heavily relied upon for transportation. The passes and railhead to the southeast left the prospectors at Lake Bennett, the early ones had to build their own boats and float down the windy and dangerous Lake Bennett, Tagish Lake and "Mud Lake" before beginning on the Yukon River. A network of steamboats were soon developed and they began ferrying passengers to the rapids at Canyon City just outside what is now Whitehorse. These steamboats needed firewood,</p><br>
<p>and one site was located on the southeast end of Marsh Lake, The Crystal Palace allowed passengers some time off the boat and the crew time to replenish their fuel wood supplies.</p><br>
<p>The name was changed from Mud Lake to Marsh Lake by Frederick Schwatka, after the surveyor Frederick Marsh.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, the Alaska Highway Project was routed along Marsh Lake, the military engineers were headquartered in Whitehorse. During a nice summer day the daughters of one of the officers decided to explore the swampy area off the northwest end of Marsh Lake, during their hike they discovered a large shallow sandy and warm bay, with a huge crescent of clean white sand beach. It became cottage lots first for the military, then some local residents, and is still called Army Beach, Yukon.</p><br>
<p>Judas Creek was unsuccessfully prospected during the gold rush. Pyrite was discovered and a lot of work was conducted to discover the source of this sparkly mineral. When the eager and inexperienced miner located the source of the fool&#39;s gold, his disappointment was biblical and he named the creek Judas Creek.</p><br>
<p>During the late 1900s more people sought recreational land outside of Whitehorse, the government developed several subdivisions along Marsh Lake</p><br>
<p>for cabin lots. As utilities were introduced the area became more of a bedroom community for Whitehorse.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Chios  is the main town and a former municipality on the island of Chios, North Aegean, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality Chios, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 22.823 km. It is located on the eastern coast of the island facing the Turkish coastal town of Çeşme. The town has a population of 26,850  and is the administrative capital and main port of both the island and of the regional unit of Chios. Chios town is one of eight municipal units on the island.</p><br>
<p>The city is often locally referred to as "Chora" (Χώρα; literally meaning "country") or "Kastro" (Κάστρο; "castle") to distinguish it from the entirety of the island with which it shares the name.</p><br>
<p>North of Chios lies the suburb of Vrontados, while the Chios Island National Airport and town of Karfas lie a few kilometres south of the centre.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally the site of an ancient settlement, the town was first built at the north side of a natural harbour. By the 16th century, the walled town had been further fortified by successive rulers into a massive medieval castle, the "Kastro".</p><br>
<p>The current town has expanded out from the Kastro, and the port in the last 200 years. After the devastating earthquake of 1881, the town was substantially rebuilt in neoclassical style, although much of the quayside and outskirts are more modern. Although the population is relatively stable, the town continues to expand with suburbs being built to the north and south. Nevertheless, the centre of the town is still concentrated between the port and castle where the administration, several museums, the main shopping street "Aplotaria", and the municipal gardens lie.</p><br>
<h2>Notable landmarks</h2><br>
<p>Archaeological Museum of Chios</p><br>
<p>Byzantine Museum of Chios</p><br>
<p>Castle of Chios</p><br>
<p>Palace of Giustiniani</p><br>
<p>Maritime Museum of Chios</p><br>
<p>Museum of Nea Moni</p><br>
<p>Osmaniye Mosque</p><br>
<p>Beckford&#39;s Tower, originally known as Lansdown Tower, is an architectural folly built in neo-classical style on Lansdown Hill, just outside Bath, Somerset, England. The tower and its attached railings are designated as a Grade I listed building. Along with the adjoining Lansdown Cemetery it is Grade II listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England.</p><br>
<p>The tower was built for William Thomas Beckford, a rich novelist, art collector and critic, to designs by Henry Goodridge and completed in 1827. Beckford used it as a library and a retreat, with the cupola at the top acting as a belvedere providing views over the surrounding countryside. The Italianate building at the base of the tower housed drawing rooms and a library. Extensive grounds between Beckfords house in Lansdown Crescent were landscaped and planted to create Beckfords Ride.</p><br>
<p>Following Beckford&#39;s death in 1844, the tower and lands were donated to Walcot parish and a burial ground created, with the Scarlet Drawing Room being converted into a chapel. In 1931 the house and tower were damaged by a fire and a public appeal was made for funds for its restoration. The cemetery closed in 1992 and the next year the site was bought by the Bath Preservation Trust who have carried out extensive renovation. It is now home to a museum collection displaying furniture originally made for the tower and paintings, prints and objects illustrating Beckford’s life as a writer, collector and patron of the arts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Beckford&#39;s Tower in Lansdown overlooking the city of Bath, was completed in 1827 for wealthy local resident William Beckford, to a design by Bath architect Henry Goodridge. Beckford was an English novelist, an art collector and patron of works of decorative art, a critic, travel writer and sometime politician, reputed at one stage in his life to be the richest commoner in England. In 1822 he sold Fonthill Abbey, and a large part of his art collection, to John Farquhar for £330,000, and moved to Bath, where he bought No. 20 Lansdown Crescent and No. 1 Lansdown Place West, joining them with a one-storey arch thrown across a driveway. In 1836 he also bought Nos. 18 and 19 Lansdown Crescent.</p><br>
<p>Located at the end of pleasure gardens called Beckford&#39;s Ride which ran from his house in Lansdown Crescent all the way north to the tower at the top of Lansdown Hill, Beckford used the monument as both a library and a retreat. He also made it his habit to ride up to the tower to view the progress of gardens and works then walk back down to Lansdown Crescent for breakfast. From the top of the tower, with a strong spyglass, Beckford could make out shipping in the Bristol Channel. Beckford wished that he had built the tower forty feet higher and admitted: "such as it is, it is a famous landmark for drunken farmers on their way home from market".</p><br>
<p>Beckford&#39;s own choice of the best of works of art, vertu, books and prints as well as the rich furnishings from Fonthill Abbey, which he had sold in 1822, were rehoused in his double adjoining houses in Lansdown Crescent, Bath and at the tower. One long narrow room in the tower was fitted out as an "oratory", where the paintings were all of devotional subjects and a marble Virgin and Child stood bathed in light from a hidden skylight. In 1841 some of the contents of the tower were sold during a two-day sale and the rooms refurnished.</p><br>
<p>After Beckfords death on 2 May 1844 his younger daughter Susan Euphemia Beckford, wife of Alexander Hamilton, 10th Duke of Hamilton, removed the books and greatest treasures to Hamilton Palace and the Tower was put up for sale, however it failed to reach its reserve. In 1847 the tower was sold for £1,000 to a local publican who turned it into a beer garden. Eventually it was re-purchased by Beckfords daughter, who gave the surrounding land to Walcot parish for consecration as a cemetery in 1848. This enabled the return of Beckford&#39;s body from his tomb in Bath Abbey Cemetery, Lyncombe Vale (off Ralph Allen Drive) for reburial near the tower as he had originally wished. His self-designed tomb — a massive sarcophagus of polished pink granite with bronze armorial plaques — stands on a hillock in the cemetery surrounded by an oval ditch and ha-ha. On one side is a quotation from his Gothic novel Vathek: "Enjoying humbly the most precious gift of heaven to man — Hope&quot and on another these lines from his poem, A Prayer: "Eternal Power! Grant me, through obvious clouds one transient gleam Of thy bright essence in my dying hour." The Scarlet Drawing Room was converted into a chapel in 1848 to serve the cemetery. In 1864 the Rector of Walcot gave £100 for the repair of tower stonework and in 1884 a similar amount of money for further repairs to the upper part of the tower, however the condition of the stonework was deteriorating by 1898 and described in 1918 as "piteous and dilapidated".</p><br>
<p>In 1931 an unexplained fire destroyed much of the interior of the house, which had been turned into a cemetery chapel. The local fire brigade managed to stop the fire reaching the wooden stairs to the top of the tower. Prebendary F. E. Murphy, the rector of Walcot, established an appeal for funds of £300 for the restoration. By 1954 the stairs up the tower had become unsafe and a further appeal for public funds for the restoration was started. In 1970 the Church Commissioners declared the chapel redundant and plans drawn up by the new owners, Dr & Mrs Hilliard, to renovate the tower and create two flats. The Beckford Tower Trust and the museum were established in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Since 1993 the tower has been owned by the Bath Preservation Trust and managed by its subsidiary, The Beckford Tower Trust. The tower was restored in 1995. In 1972 it was designated as a Grade I listed building. The ground floor of the tower is available to rent through the Landmark Trust as a holiday home.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Standing 154 ft high, the tower is in three stages. The first stage of the tower is square with small windows and terminates in a Doric entablature and cornice. The second stage has plain square piers forming three openings with recessed arches. The tower is topped by a gilded lantern (or belvedere), based on the peripteral temple at Tivoli and the Tower of the Winds at Athens. The octagonal belvedere has a cast iron roof supported by eight columns. The stone spiral cantileveed staircase leads to the 53 wooden stairs leading into the cupola at the summit. At the base of the tower was a furnace and pump which sent warm air up through the structure.</p><br>
<p>Below the tower is an Italianate building. On the ground floor was the Scarlet Drawing Room and a vestibule with an annexe which housed a kitchen and offices. The first floor held the Crimson Drawing Room, sanctuary and library.</p><br>
<h2>Cemetery and grounds</h2><br>
<p>From Beckfords house in Lansdown Crescent to the tower a series of interlinked gardens were laid out which became known as Beckfords Ride. Nearest the crescent was a terraced Italianate garden and then a plantation of conifers. Above the plantation was a quarry garden and dyke garden before entering a grotto tunnel under a track. The tunnel lead into the tower garden. Specialist planting included: Pinus arborea, Royal Fern (Osmunda regalis) and Cistus alpina. These were to encourage bird species including nightingales, linnets and thrushes. The old quarry was made into a walled garden with fruit and vegetables.</p><br>
<p>Henry Goodridge designed a Byzantine entrance gateway to the grounds. Bronze railings were later added which had surrounded Beckford&#39;s original tomb in Bath Abbey Cemetery. The railings were removed during World War II and replaced in 2000. The gardens were surrounding by stone walls around 2 m high.</p><br>
<p>Part of the grounds were donated to the local parish after Beckfords death and consecrated as a cemetery in 1848. It became known as Lansdown Cemetery and burial plots were laid out in a grid pattern. It was extended in 1947 and again in 1961. In addition to Beckfords tomb, the cemetery is also the burial site for several notable people from Bath including: Henry Goodridge, Field Marshall William Rowan, the Holburne family who founded the Holburne Museum, Anne (the wife of Sir Richard Bickerton, 2nd Baronet) and the feminist writer Sarah Grand.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery closed in 1992 and since then has been maintained by the local council and the Lansdown Cemetery Trust.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>The tower is home to a museum collection displaying furniture originally made for the tower, alongside paintings, prints and objects illustrating William Beckford’s life as a writer, collector and patron of the arts. Visitors can climb the spiral staircase to the restored belvedere below the lantern and experience panoramic views of the surrounding countryside.</p><br>
<p>The Nippon Kan Theatre is a former Japanese theater in Seattle, Washington, United States. Built in 1909 as a hotel, it was boarded up in 1942 during the Japanese American internment, but reopened in 1981 through the restorative efforts of Seattle architect and his wife Betty. It is located in the Kobe Park Building at 628 S. Washington Street, in the former Japantown section of Seattle&#39;s International District. In 2005 it was sold to ABC Legal Services and was used as converted office space. A replica of the curtain hangs on the wall along with several historic photographs. Its original closure has been attributed to the decreasing number of people of Japanese descent in Seattle.</p><br>
<p>The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The theater&#39;s original stage curtain (used 1909–1915) survives, and now serves a similar purpose on the stage of the Tateuchi Story Theater of the nearby Wing Luke Museum. The curtain covered with advertisements was rediscovered in the 1970s. Because it used an asbestos material, it is now encased in a resin.</p><br>
<p>The Onega Bay  is located in the Republic of Karelia and Arkhangelsk Oblast in Northwestern Russia, west of the city of Arkhangelsk. It is the southernmost of four large bays and gulfs of the White Sea, the others being the Dvina Bay, the Mezen Bay, and the Kandalaksha Gulf. The area of the bay is 6,630 km&sup2;. The Onega Bay is 185 km long and 50 km-100 km wide. The average depth of the bay is 16 m, and the maximum depth is 36 m. The bay freezes in winter.</p><br>
<p>Onega, Kem, and Vyg Rivers flow into the bay. The bay has numerous islands. Solovetsky Islands, which are the largest and the most famous, are located on the entrance to the bay and separate it from the main body of the White Sea. Along the west coast, there are hundreds of small islands (луда, luda&#39;s). The biggest of these are Shuyostrov Island, Russky Kuzov Island, Myagostrov Island, Kondostrov Island, and Sumostrov Island. The group of islands around Kondostrov Island are collectively known as the Sumsky Skerries. Between the Sumsky Skerries and Solovetsky Island, in the open sea, there is an archipelago consisting of Bolshoy Zhuzhmuy Island and Maly Zhuzhmuy Island. On the west coast of the bay there are the town of Belomorsk and the outlet of the White Sea-Baltic Canal. From the east, the bay is limited by the Onega Peninsula. In the south-east, the town of Onega is located close to the shore of the bay.</p><br>
<p>Administratively, the coast and the islands are shared between Kemsky and Belomorsky Districts of the Republic of Karelia, and Onezhsky, Primorsky, and Solovetsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast. Most of the minor islands, including all of Sumsky Skerries, belong to Belomorsky District.</p><br>
<p>The Onega Bay coast was populated by Russians (Novgorodians, of whom the pomors are the descendants) not later than in the 12th century. The selo of Soroki, currently Belomorsk, is known from that time. Most of the villages at the Onega Bay coast such as Purnema or Unezhma (now abandoned), are old Pomor villages, many of them still depend on fishery.</p><br>
<p>Solovetsky Islands are on the World Heritage list, and there is intensive passenger sea traffic to the islands, mostly originating from Kem and Belomorsk. There are also regular but infrequent passenger connections between Arkhangelsk and the villages of the Onega Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>The Mattancherry Palace is a Portuguese palace popularly known as the Dutch Palace, in Mattancherry, Kochi, in the Indian state of Kerala which features Kerala murals depicting portraits and exhibits of the Rajas of Kochi.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Palace was built and gifted by the Portuguese as a present to the king of Cochin around 1555. The Dutch carried out some extensions and renovations in the palace in 1663, and thereafter it was popularly called Dutch Palace. The rajas also made more improvements to it. Today, it is a portrait gallery of the Cochin Rajas and notable for some of the best mythological murals in India, which are in the best traditions of Hindu temple art. The palace was built to appease the king after they plundered a temple nearby.</p><br>
<p>The landing of Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese explorer at Kappad in 1498 was welcomed by the Kochi rulers. They were given exclusive right to construct factories. The Portuguese repulsed the repeated attacks of the Zamorians and the Cochin Rajas practically became vassals of the Portuguese. The influence of the Portuguese were supplanted by the Dutch and they took over Mattancherry in 1663. Subsequently, the area was taken over by Hyder Ali and still later by the British East India Company</p><br>
<h2>The Palace</h2><br>
<p>The palace is a quadrangular structure built in Nālukettu style, the traditional Kerala style of architecture, with a courtyard in the middle. In the courtyard there stands a small temple dedicated to Pazhayannur Bhagavati, the protective goddess of the Kochi royal family. There are two more temples on either side of the Palace, one dedicated to Lord Krishna and the other to Lord Siva. Certain elements of architecture, as for example the nature of its arches and the proportion of its chambers are indicative of European influence in basic Nālukettu style.</p><br>
<p>The Dining Hall has carved wooden ornate ceiling decorated with a series of brass cups. The palace also contains rare examples of traditional Kerala flooring, which looks like polished black marble but is actually a mixture of burned coconut shells, charcoal, lime, plant juices and egg whites.</p><br>
<h2>Murals</h2><br>
<p>The glory of the palace rests on the large number of murals, executed in the best traditions of Hindu temple art, which are religious, decorative and stylised. The murals have been painted in rich warm colours in tempera technique.</p><br>
<p>The kings bedchamber or Palliyara, to the left of the entrance and occupying the southwest corner of the Palace, is noteworthy with its low wooden ceiling and 300 ft&sup2; of wall surface covered with about 48 paintings. These illustrate the Ramayana, from the beginning of the sacrifice of Dasaratha to Sitas return from captivity in Lanka. The paintings in this section are the earliest in the palace, dating back to the 16th century. The last five scenes are from the Krishna Lila where in a cheerful God Krishna using his six hands and two feet to engage in foreplay with eight happy milkmaids. The paintings are attributed to the artistic bent of mind of Veera Kerala Verma.</p><br>
<p>The upper staircase rooms, notably that of the coronation hall that was extended under Dutch patronage, contain some murals. The notable compositions in this section are - Lakshmi seated on the lotus, sleeping Vishnu (Ananthasayanamurti), Shiva and Parvati seated with Ardhanariswara and other goddesses, the coronation of Rama, and Krishna lifting Mount Govardhana.</p><br>
<p>On the opposite side of the coronation hall is the staircase room or Kovinithalam (Room No II), with a descent to the lower storey, there are four paintings of Shiva, Vishnu and Devi, and one incomplete. Room No. IV depict scenes from Kumarasambhava and other works of the great Sanskrit poet Kālidāsa. The latter set of paintings belong to the eighteenth century.</p><br>
<h2>Other exhibits</h2><br>
<p>Portraits of the Rajas of Cochin, from 1864 onwards, are displayed in what was once the Coronation Hall. These were painted by local artists in western style. The ceiling of the hall is decorated with floral designs in wood craft.</p><br>
<p>Amongst the other exhibits in the palace are an ivory palanquin, a howdah, royal umbrellas, ceremonial dress used by the royalty, coins, stamps and drawings.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>In 1951, Mattancherry Palace was restored and declared a centrally protected monument. The palace is already undergoing a second restoration by the Archaeological Survey of India. The restoration will raise the historical structure to a building and a museum of an international standard, preserving its originality, yet highlighting the important facets, The palace is an architectural masterpiece showcasing the blend between colonial and Kerala architecture. The restoration aims at showcasing its true grandeur. The work which started in 2007 was scheduled to be completed by 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Nearby</h2><br>
<p>Nearby is the Paradesi Synagogue built in 1568. Alongside are the antique shops in the meandering alleys of Jew Town, most of whose inhabitants have since migrated to Israel. The Mattancherry jetty and bus stand are behind the Palace. The area is full of shops attracting tourists hunting for mementoes to carry back home.</p><br>
<p>Situated in between the Mattancherry Palace and the Paradesi Synagogue is the Pazhayannur Bhagavathy Temple, the ancestral deity or Paradevata of the Cochin Royal Family. The temple with royal patronage which shares its wall with the Jewish synagogue tells volumes about the religious tolerance and inter cultural amity that existed during the time of the Kingdom of Cochin.</p><br>
<p>Rockabill is a group of two islands, "The Rock" and "The Bill", lying in the western Irish Sea about 6 kilometres east-north-east of Skerries, County Dublin, Ireland. An alternative Irish name, Carraig Dhá Bheola, meaning Two Lips Rock, is probably just a corruption of Carraig Dábhiolla.</p><br>
<p>The two granite islands are separated by a channel about 20 metres wide. On the Rock there is a lighthouse, built 1855–1860 from granite and limestone and automated in 1989, and several walls and outbuildings. These walled areas have enabled a build-up of soil and the establishment of vegetation, notably tree mallow (Lavatera arborea), which provides nesting cover for the birds. The smaller Bill has very little vegetation.</p><br>
<p>Rockabill is an important seabird breeding island, especially notable for its terns. It is an internationally important site for roseate terns, with the largest colony in Europe, over 1200 pairs in 2013. There are similar numbers of common terns, and other seabirds include black guillemots and black-legged kittiwakes.</p><br>
<p>Rockabill Lighthouse is owned by the Commissioners of Irish Lights and is a Refuge for Fauna and a Special Protection Area under the European Union Birds Directive. Since 1989, when the protection afforded by the lighthouse keepers ceased, the islands have been managed by BirdWatch Ireland. The sea area between Rockabill and Dalkey Island has recently been proposed as a Special Area of Conservation.</p><br>
<p>Pieter Both is the second highest mountain of Mauritius, at 820 m tall. The mountain is shorter than Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire by eight metres. It is named after Pieter Both, the first Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. It is located in the Moka Range. The notable feature of this mountain is the gigantic rock formation at the very top of it, which resembles a human head.</p><br>
<p>To climb the mountain following the main ridge takes about an hour, and is mildly difficult. It is mainly a scramble, and being exposed, a rope is advised. The dramatic boulder on the pinnacle is about nine metres in diameter, and has several iron spikes fixed to it to aid climbing to the top. The top is flat and about two metries across.</p><br>
<p>Lake Carey is a salt lake located in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia. It was discovered in 1869 by surveyor John Forrest in company with Tommy Windich, and named after Thomas Campbell Carey, the government surveyor to whom Forrest had been apprenticed in 1863.</p><br>
<p>Lake Carey is one of a chain of lakes that makes up the Carey Palaeodrainage system, formed during the Tertiary Period, from about 65 million years ago. The Carey Palaeodrainage system extends about 600 km from Wiluna to the Eucla Basin.</p><br>
<p>The elongated lake extends from 25 km to 90 km south of Laverton, within the Laverton Tectonic Zone, an area associated with gold mining since the 1890s.</p><br>
<p>Mining activity and its discharge has affected the lake.</p><br>
<p>The Wangkathaa people are associated with the land around Lake Carey.</p><br>
<p>Pueblo of Isleta or Isleta Pueblo  is an unincorporated community Tanoan pueblo in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States, originally established around the 14th century. Its people are federally recognized as a Native American tribe.</p><br>
<p>Pueblo of Isleta is located in the Middle Rio Grande Valley, 13 mi south of Albuquerque. It is adjacent to and east of the main section of Laguna Pueblo. The pueblo was built on a knife-shaped reef of lava running across an ancient Rio Grande channel. The Isleta Pueblo Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>On January 15, 2016, the tribes officials and federal government representatives held a ceremony to mark the governments taking into federal trust some 90,151 acres of land, 140 square miles, which the Pueblo had purchased. It enlarged their communal territory by 50%. The tribe had worked for more than 20 years to acquire this land, once part of their homeland. It is so far the largest such acquisition handled under the President Barack Obama administration.</p><br>
<h2>Culture</h2><br>
<h3>Language and group</h3><br>
<p>The population of Pueblo of Isleta consists of mostly the Southern Tiwa ethnic group (Tigua.). They speak Isletan Tiwa, one of the two varieties or dialects of the Southern Tiwa language, part of the Tanoan language family. The other variety is spoken at Sandia Pueblo.</p><br>
<p>In August 2015, the tribe announced that the Tiwa language would be taught to children at Isleta Elementary School, following the school&#39;s transfer from federal to tribal control. In 2016 the Kellogg Foundation made grants totaling $148,000 for development of the dual language, Tiwa-English program, for young children at the school.</p><br>
<p>Culturally, Pueblo groups have been divided usually into two cultural group classifications: a Western Pueblo group and an Eastern Pueblo group. Other scholars classify the pueblos into three cultural groups: the Western, Eastern, and Keresan (or Central) Pueblo groups. In either system, Pueblo of Isleta is considered an Eastern Pueblo group. The adjacent Laguna Pueblo is a Central—Keresan Pueblo group.</p><br>
<h2>Tribal government</h2><br>
<p>The Pueblo of Isleta has a democratic tribal government. Their tribal constitution was approved in March 27, 1947. There are thirteen articles with the constitution. They have three (3) branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial.</p><br>
<h3>Tribal Council</h3><br>
<p>The Isleta Tribal Council has 7 members, each elected for two-year terms. Their duties are outlined within Article V - Legislative Branch of the constitution.</p><br>
<h3>Governor</h3><br>
<p>The governor is the top executive officer and is elected democratically. In mid-October, nominations are taken, and a general election is held the last Saturday in November. The newly elected governor selects two lieutenant governors, a sheriff, and an under-sheriff to assist during his/her governorship. The governor is bound by Article IV - Executive Branch of the constitution.</p><br>
<h3>Tribal courts</h3><br>
<p>The governor appoints all tribal judges, who are confirmed by the Tribal Council (offering advice and consent). According to the constitution, Article IX - Judicial Branch, tribal judges are appointed by the governor; and must receive two-thirds (2/3) majority vote by the Isleta Tribal Council to be confirmed. The tribal courts comprise three judges: chief judge and two associate judges. Some of the tribal judges are not law trained. Some members and observers believe that political appointment of tribal judges can cause distrust of the judicial system, if opponents of the governor believe the judges are too influenced by the politics.</p><br>
<h2>Social organization</h2><br>
<p>Isleta (and the Sandia) have matrilineal kinship systems, with descent and inheritance traced through the mother&#39;s family; the children are considered born to her people and receive their status from her family or corn group, akin to a clan. They have an endogamous system of marriage. These kinship and cultural divisions are connected with the sacred directions and colors, as well as tribal lineages, clans, phratries, moieties. In the matrimonial moiety system, one moiety is connected with the winter, and the other with the summer. The tribe maintains and operates a kiva as sacred space for particular rituals and ceremonies.</p><br>
<p>In the early 20th century, the tribe was headed by a cacique, selected by elders from a clan with hereditary rights. In addition, the tribe annually elected a governor and assistants. The governor acted as a judge in civil cases; criminal cases were turned over to the federal government. The grand council was made up of all the chiefs, leaders of the pueblo who had gained popular respect. There were distinctions between peace chiefs and those leaders appointed in war.</p><br>
<p>Kachina cults are found in Isleta. They may have adopted this cult from the Laguna people of the Western Pueblos, who have historically practiced such cults for a longer period.</p><br>
<p>Father Anton Docher, a French Catholic priest serving for decades at the Pueblo church, described the community in a 1913 article in The Santa Fé Magazine:</p><br>
<p>This historic tribal government was fully recognized by the United States government.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>17th century</h3><br>
<p>The native name of the pueblo is Shiewhibak (Shee-eh-whíb-bak) meaning "a knife laid on the ground to play whib, a native footrace.</p><br>
<p>When the Spanish arrived in the late 1500s they named the village Isleta, Spanish for "little island". The Spanish Mission of San Agustín de la Isleta was built in the pueblo around 1629 or 1630 by the Spanish Franciscan friar Juan de Salas. He tried to teach the people about Catholicism and western ways of cultivating plants.</p><br>
<p>During the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, many of the pueblo people fled to Hopi settlements in Arizona, while others followed the Spanish retreat south to El Paso del Norte (present-day El Paso, Texas. After the rebellion, the Isleta people returned to the Pueblo, many with Hopi spouses.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>In the 1800s, friction with members of Laguna Pueblo and Acoma Pueblo, who had joined the Isleta community, led to the founding of the satellite settlement of Oraibi. In the 21st century, Isleta includes the main pueblo, as well as the small communities of Oraibi and Chicale.</p><br>
<p>On October 21, 1887, the French missionary Father Anton Docher traveled to New Mexico, where he was assigned as a priest in the Cathedral of Santa Fé. After three years in Santa Fé and one in Taos, he was assigned to Isleta, arriving on December 28, 1891. There, he met Adolph Bandelier and Charles Fletcher Lummis, who became long-term friends. Young Pablo Abeita (no relation to Diego or Louise Abeita) had recently been selected as Governor of Isleta, continuing into the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>Father Anton Docher served for 34 years in the historic St. Agustin Mission Church until his death in 1928. He is buried near the previous priest, Padre Padilla, near the altar of the church in Isleta. (Built by the Tiwa under direction of a Spanish missionary in 1612, the church is one of the oldest in the United States.)</p><br>
<h3>20th century to present</h3><br>
<p>On October 26, 1919, the King of Belgium Albert I, together with Queen Elisabeth of Belgium and Prince Léopold, journeyed to Isleta during their official visit to the United States. The King decorated Pablo Abeita, Governor of the Pueblo, and Father Anton Docher with the Order of Léopold. Abeita gave the king a turquoise cross mounted in silver made by the Isletans. 10,000 people journeyed to Isleta for this grand visit by European royalty.</p><br>
<p>Abeita was appointed by the tribe to the Council of All Indian Pueblos, which was active in the 1920s to resist United States government political takeover of its lands. The Pueblo had an unusual land title, as the Spanish had a tradition of affirming indigenous title. When the United States took over the Southwest in 1848 following the Mexican War, it promised by treaty to preserve Spanish-Mexican titles. Abeita and other Pueblo leaders organized to raise awareness of these terms; they gained passage of the Pueblo Lands Act of 1924 by the US Congress, which affirmed their indigenous title.</p><br>
<p>But, through takeovers by Europeans and the United States, the Pueblo continued to lose lands. Some land claims were affirmed by court cases through the 20th century (see Aboriginal title in New Mexico). Beginning in the late 20th century, the tribe&#39;s leaders have worked to buy back lands to re-establish their homeland territory.</p><br>
<p>In January 2016, the Secretary of Interior joined the Governor of the Pueblo to celebrate the federal government taking this large amount of acquired land into trust on behalf of the Pueblo. The addition of 90,151 acres increased the Pueblos territory by 50%. The land is primarily located within what is known as Comanche Ranch. It is one of the Pueblos profitable businesses, where they run 1,000 head of cattle. The current population is at around 4,000 people. They currently own 211,000 acres of land today.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the cattle ranch, Pueblo of Isleta owns and operates the Isleta Resort Casino which is one of the larger New Mexico casinos, the Eagle Golf Course, and the Isleta Lakes Recreational Complex. The Isleta Resort Casino is accessible via the New Mexico Rail Runner Express, a commuter rail line from Belen to Santa Fe, at Isleta Pueblo station. The casino has naming rights to the Isleta Amphitheater.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural references</h2><br>
<p>Isleta is mentioned in Willa Cather&#39;s 1927 novel Death Comes for the Archbishop, Book Three, Chapter 1. The houses are described as white inside and outside.</p><br>
<p>Isleta during the early 1900s is described in a biography of Docher: The Padre of Isleta/ The Story of Father Anton Docher (1940/reissued 2009), by Julia M. Keleher and Elsie Ruth Chant.</p><br>
<p>Isleta is the main setting of Samuel Gances novel in French, Anton ou la trajectoire dun père (2013). His fictional account is based on the life of the padre Docher, about whom he did extensive research.</p><br>
<p>Lake Anna Park is a 21 acre park around a spring-fed, 10 acre lake, and is located in the center of downtown Barberton, Ohio.</p><br>
<p>Lake Anna was formed by natural geology, left after the last ice age. It would have long been a resource for varying cultures of indigenous peoples in the area. Ohio Columbus Barber, industrialist and founder of Barberton in 1894, named the lake after his only daughter Anna Laura Barber.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1891 Barber bought land to build a manufacturing facility for Diamond Matches, and founded the town of Barberton. In addition to developing residential sections, in 1909 he had construction completed on his 52-room, French Renaissance mansion there. It was the center of a complex he called the Anna Dean Farm, again in his daughter&#39;s honor. The mansion stood until 1965 and other buildings of the farm&#39;s original 35 survive. All but 2 acre was redeveloped.</p><br>
<p>Today the 10 acre lake serves as the recreational center of Barberton. Many people come to walk or jog around the 21 acre park. The upper walk around Lake Anna is .7 of a mile, while the lower circular walk is .5 of a mile. Lake Anna in Barberton is bordered by Park Ave, Lake Ave, Sixth Street, and Third Street. Things to see at Lake Anna include the gazebo, where many summer band concerts are held; Barberton&#39;s War Memorial; and a memorial statue for the founder, O.C. Barber. Parking is around the lake. The park is maintained by the Barberton Parks and Recreation Commission. Lake Anna is open from dawn until 9pm.</p><br>
<p>Hagushi bay is located in Yomitan, Okinawa. The bay is at the mouth of Hija River. The north side of the mouth of the river has a public beach called Toguchi Beach.</p><br>
<h2>World War II</h2><br>
<p>Hagushi bay was the primary unloading point for American supplies during the invasion of Okinawa during World War II. The bay, at the mouth of the Bishi River (now called Hija River), was the dividing line between the First and Sixth US Marine divisions, which landed on the Hagushi beaches to the north, and the Seventh and Ninety-sixth Infantry Divisions of the US Army which landed south of the rivers mouth. In the seven-day campaign of aerial and naval bombardment which preceded the 1 April 1945 landings, Japanese beach defenses and shipping at the Bishi Rivers mouth were heavily bombarded, and US Navy frogmen swept the Hagushi beaches of thousands of landmines and nearly 3000 wooden posts. The beach landings were unopposed by the Imperial Japanese Army aside from scattered artillery and sniper fire, and by nightfall on 1 April 1945, 60,000 American troops were ashore.</p><br>
<p>Spanish Fort, also known as Old Spanish Fort, Fort St. Jean, and Fort St. John, is a historic place in New Orleans, Louisiana, formerly the site of a fort and later an amusement park.</p><br>
<h2>Prehistory</h2><br>
<p>Archaeological investigations have discovered that the fort location was a site of the Pre-Columbian Marksville culture dating back to circa 300 CE, with continued occupation afterwards. A large shell midden was used as the base under the early Colonial fort.</p><br>
<h2>The fort</h2><br>
<p>The Colonial era fort protected the Lake Pontchartrain entrance of Bayou St. John. The first small fort here was erected by the French in 1701, before the founding of the city of New Orleans, to protect the important trade route along Bayou St. John. After Louisiana passed to Spanish control, a larger brick fort was constructed at the site of the neglected old French fortification; this was known as San Juan del Bayou. Louisiana passed back to France and then to the hands of the United States. The fort was decommissioned in 1823.</p><br>
<h2>From fort to amusement park</h2><br>
<p>The land was bought by private developers, and became a popular amusement park, known as "Spanish Fort" or "Old Spanish Fort". It featured restaurants, a casino, a resort hotel, dancing pavilions, an alligator pond, and in its later decades amusement rides such as the "Scenic railway", a roller coaster. A steam railway, and later an electric streetcar system, connected the lakeside resort with the center of the city. It was especially popular during the summer for the cooling breezes of the Lake. It was billed as the "Coney Island of the South".</p><br>
<p>From about 1880 to 1908 the small iron submarine now in the collection of the Louisiana State Museum was on display here, identified as the Confederate war submarine "Pioneer". (Recent investigations have called the traditional identification into question, making the curious early submarine even more of a mystery; see: Bayou St. John submarine.)</p><br>
<p>"Over the Rhine", a German restaurant and beer garden was a popular attraction, as were dances by Paolettis Orchestra. Tranchinas Restaurant and Brown&#39;s Ice Cream Parlor often featured live bands. The park had two cabarets, "Tokyo Gardens" and "The Frolics".</p><br>
<p>In the parks later decades, a number of early jazz bands played here. Armand J. Pirons New Orleans Orchestra was a regular; Papa Celestins band filled in while Piron was in New York. Pianist Steve Lewis performed not only with Pirons band, but also did solos and duets with singer New Orleans Willie Jackson. Johnny Bayersdorffers Jazzola Novelty Orchestra and Johnny Millers New Orleans Frolicers were also regulars.</p><br>
<h2>End of the amusement park</h2><br>
<p>Starting in the late 1920s, a project reclaimed land from Lake Pontchartrain, extending the shoreline out away from the old fort. The city&#39;s main amusement park became Pontchartrain Beach.</p><br>
<p>In 1938, the location was converted into a public park. The name ″Spanish Fort″ was used because the only thing known about its history at the time was that it had been built by the Spanish.</p><br>
<p>The site of Spanish Fort, mostly a brick ruin, can still be seen along the upper side of the Bayou just back from Robert E. Lee Boulevard, adjacent to what is now the "Floral Park" section of the Lake Vista neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Avacha Bay  is a Pacific Ocean bay on the southeastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula. It is 24 km long and 3 km wide , with a maximum depth of 26 m.</p><br>
<p>The Avacha River flows into the bay. The port city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and the closed town of Vilyuchinsk lie on the coast of the bay. It is the main transport gateway to Kamchatka region. The bay freezes in the winter.</p><br>
<p>It was first discovered by Vitus Bering in 1729. It was surveyed and mapped by Captain Mikhail Tebenkov of the Imperial Russian Navy in the 1830s.</p><br>
<p>NOTE: Avacha Bay (Avachinskaya Guba) should not be confused with Avacha Gulf (Avachinskiy Zaliv), which lies off the Pacific Ocean outside Avacha Bay.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Avacha Bay is one of the largest bays in the world able to fit any ship in the world. It is an internal part of Avacha Gulf. Total area is 215 square kilometers. Depth - up to 26 meters. Main rivers flowing into the bay - Avacha and Paratunka. It is the home base of the Russian Pacific fleet.</p><br>
<p>Andrew Berg  was an immigrant to the District of Alaska who was a prominent fisher, hunter, and trapper. He became the first licensed big game guide in Alaska.</p><br>
<h2>Early life and emigration</h2><br>
<p>Andrew Berg was born Anders Berg on October 16, 1869 in Nykarleby, Finland, then part of the Russian Empire. His father Johan and mother Lovisa owned a small farm. The family also hunted and fished. Because of extreme poverty, Andrew left Finland in 1887 at the age of 16. Along with two other boys from his town, Berg sailed to Hull in England, before travelling to Liverpool by train. He was one of 500 emigrants that were to sail to New York City aboard the St. Andreas. Because of a cholera outbreak, the ship instead sailed to Quebec. The boys travelled to Chicago, then to Michigan City, Indiana where they obtained work at a sawmill.</p><br>
<p>After working at the mill for a short time, Berg travelled to his uncle Erik&#39;s home in San Francisco. Berg travelled to the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska, likely with his uncle, and took a job at a salmon cannery.</p><br>
<h2>Hunting and guiding</h2><br>
<p>In addition to fishing and trapping, Berg became involved in hunting and exploring in the Kenai Peninsula. During the late 19th century, large moose antlers made their way to the Lower 48 and trophy hunting became a popular business on the Peninsula. A picture of a set of antlers measuring 73.25 in taken by Berg and acquired by a dealer in Tacoma, Washington, was published in Field and Stream in March 1897. After seeing the picture and desiring to discover who had collected the antlers, Dall DeWeese, a wealthy entrepreneur from Colorado with an interest in hunting and wildlife, became the first known person to travel to the Peninsula to hunt. In September 1897, DeWeese found Berg at the cannery where he worked and arranged his release to serve as a guide.</p><br>
<p>DeWeese returned in 1898, 1899, and 1901, noticing decreased populations of wildlife as a result of the new interest and lack of hunting regulations in the region. He wrote a letter to President Theodore Roosevelt in 1901, asking for regulations and conservation in Alaska.</p><br>
<p>Following surveys of the region, regulations were established in 1908 that required game wardens, bag limits, and licensed guides. Berg was issued license "No. 1", which he held for over twenty years. He later served as a warden from 1920 to 1921, and worked for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service from 1924 until 1936.</p><br>
<h2>Later life and death</h2><br>
<p>Berg retired from guiding in 1929, as the Great Depression led to fewer hunting trips and decreased fur prices. In February 1939, Berg was found ill in bed at one of his cabins. He was flown to a hospital in Anchorage where he died on March 1, 1939 after suffering from heart and kidney problems for ten years.</p><br>
<h2>Cabins</h2><br>
<p>Berg built a total of 11 log cabins on the Kenai Peninsula. He built his first, which served as his home, in 1902 on Tustumena Lake. Berg used spruce logs to construct the home cabin, which measures 17 feet wide by 17 feet long. The cabin is now located within the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 21, 2000. Also in the Refuge is Bergs last cabin, built in 1935, also on Tustumena Lake. In 2000 the cabin was disassembled and moved next to the Refuges visitor center. The 1935 cabin is open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Richardson Olmsted Complex in Buffalo, New York, United States was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986. The site was designed by the American architect, Henry Hobson Richardson, in concert with the famed landscape team of Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux in the late 1800s, incorporating a system of enlightened treatment for people with mental illness developed by Dr. Thomas Story Kirkbride. Over the years, as mental health treatment changed and resources were diverted, the buildings and grounds began a slow deterioration. In 2006, the Richardson Center Corporation was formed with a mandate to save the buildings and bring the Complex back to life through a State appropriation for this architectural treasure.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Richardson Olmsted Complex is being transformed into a cultural amenity for the city, beginning with Urban Resort and Conference Center and the Buffalo Architecture Center in the iconic Towers Building and two flanking buildings (about one third of the Complex). The remaining buildings have been stabilized pending future opportunities.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The large Medina red sandstone and brick hospital buildings were designed in 1870 in the Kirkbride Plan by architect Henry Hobson Richardson with grounds by landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted. The complex consists of a central administrative tower and five pavilions or wards progressively set back on each side, for eleven buildings total, all connected by short curved two-story corridors. Patients were segregated by sex, males on the east side, females on the west. The wards housed patients until the mid-1970s. The central administration building was used for offices until 1994. In 1973, the Asylum was added to the National Register of Historic Places and in 1986, it was designated a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The complex, the largest commission of Richardson&#39;s career, marks the advent of his characteristic Romanesque Revival style. When emulated by later architects, this style is referred to as Richardsonian Romanesque. It has been the subject of a long-term preservation campaign. Nevertheless, three pavilions on the east side were demolished in the 1970s to make way for newer psychiatric facilities. In 1927, the northern farmlands were transferred back to the State for the development of what is today Buffalo State College.</p><br>
<p>Patient records from 1881 to 1975 are in the collection of the New York State Archives in Albany, NY.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation efforts</h2><br>
<p>A successful lawsuit filed by the Preservation Coalition of Erie County (renamed "Preservation Buffalo Niagara" in October 2008) forced the State of New York to commit $100 million to its rehabilitation. Both former New York State Assembly Member Sam Hoyt and former Buffalo State College President Muriel A. Howard were actively involved in plans for the restoration and reuse of the Complex. As a result, the State established the Richardson Center Corporation in 2006 to rehabilitate the Complex. Perimeter fencing and lighting have been installed and a Peace Officer is on duty at all times to conduct regular patrols of the area to prevent and deter crime.</p><br>
<p>On March 5, 2008, stabilization began with the most severely damaged buildings, including the roof and down-spouts. Stabilization was completed in 2012.</p><br>
<p>On April 10, 2010, a two-alarm fire occurred. The cause of the fire was under investigation. Damage was estimated at $200,000.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, the South Lawn landscape on the property was completed. The re-greening of the nine-acre South Lawn transformed two large parking lots at the Complex’s south entry into a welcoming space for community gathering and recreation.</p><br>
<p>At every stage of planning, the Richardson Center Corporation has used an active public process, which has helped to inform the and all phases of redevelopment for the Complex. Ten public meetings have taken place since 2007 to inform the planning and reuse. A Community Advisory Group includes representatives from the adjacent neighborhoods, business districts, cultural institutions, Buffalo Psychiatric Center, SUNY Buffalo State, and historic preservation groups.</p><br>
<h2>Film use</h2><br>
<p>In 1983 a portion of a ground floor hallway and one hospital room were prepared to appear as a maternity ward and used as a location for The Natural, where the character Roy Hobbs, as played by Robert Redford, was shown recovering from internal injuries.</p><br>
<h2>Adaptive reuse</h2><br>
<p>On January 25, 2013, Phase I plans were announced to redevelop 1/3 of the Complex into hotel, event and conference space and the. This first phase of redevelopment was completed in 2016. Hotel Henry opened in May 2017, and the architecture center will open later in 2017.</p><br>
<p>The Nott Memorial is an elaborate 16-sided stone-masonry building which serves as both architectural and physical centerpiece of Union College in Schenectady, New York. Dedicated to Eliphalet Nott, president of Union for a remarkable sixty-two years , the 110 ft high by 89 ft wide structure is a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Officially designated Nott Memorial Hall but referred to by generations of students and faculty simply as "The Nott" or "The Nipple" (sometimes "The Nipple of Knowledge"), the buildings centrality and initial design trace back to Josef Ramees 1813 conception of the school grounds, the first planned college campus in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The Memorial was designed by Edward Tuckerman Potter, architect of area churches and homes, alumnus of the college, and grandson of President Nott. Construction began in 1858 and was completed in 1879. The result is one of very few 16-sided buildings in the world.</p><br>
<p>For nearly a century the Nott was mostly open inside. In 1961 the college moved its bookstore into the basement and configured the first two floors into theater in the round. The upper floors were eventually closed off and fell into disrepair.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>In 1993 the college began a complete renovation of the Nott, restoring it to its original design. The award-winning project was undertaken by noted Boston based architecture firm Finegold Alexander + Associates Inc and carried out by A.J. Martini, Inc., contractors. The bookstore and theater were moved to other locations on the campus, and in 1995 the Nott reopened on the celebration of Union&#39;s 200th anniversary.</p><br>
<p>Once again, the center of the Nott is completely open to the top of its dome 102 ft overhead. The main floor is a meeting room with seating for up to 400; the second and third levels ring the space and include galleries and informal meeting places for students. Two-hundred eighty-eight restored stained glass windows bathe the interior in colored light. Atop the dome a quotation in colored slate from Rabbi Tarfon, found in the Talmud&#39;s Pirkei Avot, proclaims in Hebrew: "The day is short, the work is great, the reward is much, the Master is urgent."</p><br>
<p>The Memorial was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and was further declared a National Historic Landmark in 1986.</p><br>
<h3>Mandeville Gallery</h3><br>
<p>The Mandeville Gallery, a free gallery opened in 1995 and located on the second floor of the Nott Memorial, presents changing exhibits featuring nationally recognized contemporary artists and exploring modern issues.</p><br>
<p>Academia Peak  is a peak rising to 1,253 m in the Friesland Ridge, Tangra Mountains on eastern Livingston Island in Antarctica. The peak has precipitous and ice-free north-western slopes and surmounts Huntress Glacier to the northwest and southwest. It was first ascended and GPS-surveyed by the Bulgarian climbers D. Boyanov, N. Petkov and N. Hazarbasanov from Nesebar Gap via the head of Huntress Glacier on 16 January 2017.</p><br>
<p>The peak is named for the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (established 1869) for its important role in the Bulgarian Antarctic research.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The peak is located 1 km northwest of St. Boris Peak, 2.96 km south by southeast of the summit of Pliska Ridge and 3.9 km east by southeast of Willan Nunatak. The peak was first mapped by Bulgaria in 2005, and later in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Aheloy Nunatak  is a rocky 390m peak in the upper Huron Glacier in Livingston Island. The peak forms the northeast extremity of a minor ridge which also features Erma Knoll and Lozen Nunatak, and is linked to Zograf Peak by Lozen Saddle. The peak was first visited on 31 December 2004 by the Bulgarian Lyubomir Ivanov from Camp Academia, and was mapped in the Bulgarian Tangra 2004/05 topographic survey. The peak was named after the Black Sea town of Aheloy, Bulgaria.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The peak is located at 62&deg;38&prime;23.3&Prime;S latitude, 60&deg;07&prime;53.5&Prime;W longitude which is 1.6 km east-southeast of Kuzman Knoll, 2.48 km south by east of Maritsa Peak, 1.6 km north-northeast of Zograf Peak and 270 m north-northeast of Erma Knoll.</p><br>
<p>Boyana Glacier  in Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands in Antarctica is situated southeast of Macy Glacier and west-southwest of Srebarna Glacier. It is bounded by Vazov Rock on the west, St. Naum Peak, Starosel Gate, Silistra Knoll and Kotel Gap on the north, and Christoff Cliff on the east. The glacier extends 3 km in east-west direction and 1.6 km in north-south direction, and flows southeastward into the Bransfield Strait between Vazov Point and Aytos Point.</p><br>
<p>The feature is named after the Bulgarian settlement of Boyana, now part of Sofia.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The glacier is centred at . Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Maps</h2><br>
<p>* Islas Livingston y Decepción. Mapa topográfico a escala 1:100000. Madrid: Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, 1991.</p><br>
<p>* S. Soccol, D. Gildea and J. Bath. http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/mapcat/display_map.cfm?map_id=13271 Livingston Island, Antarctica. Scale 1:100000 satellite map. The Omega Foundation, USA, 2004.</p><br>
<p>* L.L. Ivanov et al., Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands (from English Strait to Morton Strait, with illustrations and ice-cover distribution), 1:100000 scale topographic map, Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, Sofia, 2005</p><br>
<p>* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010. (First edition 2009. )</p><br>
<p>Dobrudzha Glacier  is situated on the southeast side of Tangra Mountains, Burgas Peninsula, eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, northeast of Magura Glacier, southeast of Iskar Glacier and southwest of Ropotamo Glacier. It is bounded by Ruse Peak and Asen Peak to the north and by Kuber Peak to the west and flows southeastward into Bransfield Strait. The glacier is named after the Dobrudzha region in northeastern Bulgaria.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Dobrudzha Glacier is centred at . Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Maps</h2><br>
<p>* L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.</p><br>
<p>* L.L. Ivanov. http://apcbg.org/image023.jpg Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.</p><br>
<p>Deep Eddy Pool is a historic, man-made swimming pool in Austin, Texas. Deep Eddy is the oldest swimming pool in Texas and features a bathhouse built during the Depression era by the Works Progress Administration. The pool began as a swimming hole in the Colorado River, became a resort in the 1920s, and is today a popular swimming pool operated by the City of Austin.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Deep Eddy began simply as a swimming hole in the Colorado River that flows through Austin. Cold springs rose from the river banks and people swam in the river where a large boulder formed an eddy. In 1915, A.J. Eilers, Sr. bought the land surrounding the swimming hole and built the concrete pool. The pool served as the centerpiece of a resort, the Deep Eddy Bathing Beach, which featured cabins, camping, and concessions. Lorenas Diving Horse was one popular attraction. As seen in historic photographs, a ramp led to a 50 ft diving platform over the pools deep end from which the horse and rider would dive. Other pool amenities included a zip line across the pool and a tall slide, while other attractions included a diving baby and a Ferris wheel.</p><br>
<p>In 1935, the City of Austin bought the property for $10,000. Two weeks after the purchase, a massive flood on the Colorado River destroyed the bathhouse and other improvements, and filled the pool with mud and debris. The Works Progress Administration rebuilt the bathhouse and the pool opened as a public park in July 1936.</p><br>
<p>Over time, the city has put the property to a variety of uses. While the pool continues in operation, the city separated the western edge of the land as a park and playground named after A.J. Eilers. The city also converted Deep Eddy&#39;s bathhouse to alternative uses including a long service as a wildlife science exhibit. In 2004, for safety reasons, the city removed the 70-year-old, 50 ft cottonwoods that surrounded the pool.</p><br>
<p>Deep Eddy Pool is listed as a historic landmark on the National Register of Historic Places and has been the inspiration of various works of art. Texas musician Jimmie Dale Gilmore wrote the song "Deep Eddy Blues" about the pool and the nearby bar, the Deep Eddy Cabaret.</p><br>
<h2>The pool today</h2><br>
<p>Deep Eddy Pool is popular with adult recreational swimmers for its lap swimming pool and with children for its large wading pool. The pool is fed with clear, cold water from a hand-dug 35 ft well, and is not chlorinated. Water temperature varies between 66 and 75 °F (20 and 25 °C). The lap swimming pool is generally open during daylight hours all year, though hours are shortened during winter months. The lap and the wading pool are open from March 14 through October 31, 2015, 8:00am to 8:00pm. In summer months, the pool sponsors Splash Party Movie Nights, showing family films on an inflatable movie screen visible by swimmers and waders. The pool supports a number of sporting events, including the Deep Eddy Mile swimming competition. The pool area also contains the offices for the City of Austin Aquatics Department, and the pool is used to train incoming City of Austin lifeguards.</p><br>
<h2>Bathhouse restoration</h2><br>
<p>Most of the original bathhouse was closed to the public for many years. The Friends of Deep Eddy, a non-profit association of swimmers and other parks advocates, began a fundraising campaign to renovate the bathhouse to its historic condition in 2002. First construction on the project began in 2005 when the Friends group replaced the dilapidated roof. Final construction and reopening of the bathhouse took place in June 2007.</p><br>
<h2>2012 renovations</h2><br>
<p>In Spring 2012 the City of Austin rebuilt the pool due to severe leaking and cracking of the pool slab. Work crews removed and replaced, or capped over with new reinforced concrete, the entire pool bottom. The pool&#39;s west end was lengthened and a beach-type (zero-depth) entry was added. The project also included repair of the pool walls, widening of the pool deck, and adding new coping around the pool edge. The pool side pump house building was removed and replaced, and a new storage building was added to the east of the pool.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Iskar Glacier  is a glacier in Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands in Antarctica situated southeast of lower Huron Glacier, west-southwest of Sopot Ice Piedmont, and north of Dobrudzha and Magura Glaciers. It drains the north slopes of the Tangra Mountains between Helmet Peak to the west and Delchev Peak to the east, and flows northward into Bruix Cove between Yana Point and Rila Point.</p><br>
<p>The feature is named after the Iskar River in western Bulgaria.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Iskar Glacier is centred at . Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Maps</h2><br>
<p>* L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.</p><br>
<p>* L.L. Ivanov. http://apcbg.org/image023.jpg Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.</p><br>
